爆炸分离冲击信号修正及结构状态分析

为了对爆炸分离冲击信号进行有效性分析及校正,进而对关键结构的状态变化进行分析,基于离散小波分解方法,对实测分离冲击信号及其速度积分进行校正,去除零漂趋势项.选取冲击结束后剩余自由响应阶段,对结构状态进行分析,基于冲击信号初始谱及剩余谱相关性分析,提出确定剩余自由响应阶段起始分析时间的确定方法.对该剩余响应信号结合频域窗...     

天津市城市垃圾臭气成分谱

为弄清天津市垃圾臭气污染的现状,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术测试了不同季节、不同垃圾处理环节臭气的组分和主要组分的含量,摸清了天津市区城市垃圾不同处理环节(收运、中转、填埋、焚烧)不同季节臭气的排放状况,研究了垃圾臭气中恶臭物质与臭气强度的关系,确定出不同垃圾处理环节的臭气主要组分,为有针对性地筛选脱臭技术工艺、科学地管理城市垃圾收运和处理提供了理论依据。     

青岛近岸、东海海水CDOM特性及一氧化碳光产生研究

研究了青岛近岸和东海海水中CO的光化学产生,比较了两个不同水域海水中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光学特征和CO的表观量子产率.结果表明:青岛近岸海水和东海海水α(355)范围分别为0.381~0.868m-1和0.083~0.427m-1,平均值分别为0.622m-1和0.196m-1,青岛近岸海水α(355)大于东海.其中近岸海水α(355)和Sg表现出良好的相关性,而东海海水这两个参数之间无明显相关性,表现出α(355)和Sg关系的不确定性.α(355)与CO的光致产生速率呈现正相关(R2=0.8188),说明了CDOM光化学降解是CO产生的重要途径.青岛近岸海水CO的表观量子产率高于东海海水,与α(355)具有相同变化规律,说明含有高光学活性物质的CDOM发生光降解反应能更加有效地产生CO.     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon on a Bi–TiO2/zeolite photocatalyst

The photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon under solar light was investigated in aqueous solution containing a Bi–TiO₂/zeolite photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Bi–TiO₂ loading onto the zeolite support and influence of the parameters such as catalyst amount, pH, and initial concentration of isoproturon on the degradation rate were evaluated. The recycling ability of the catalyst was found to be sustainable for elongated periods. The high activity of the Bi–TiO₂/zeolite was attributed to its absorptivity of visible light and its high adsorption capacity for the pollutant molecules.     

Photocatalytic mineralization of a water pollutant,Sunset Yellow dye by an advanced oxidation process using a modified catalyst

ZnS-loaded TiO₂ (ZnS–TiO₂) was synthesized by a sol–gel method. The catalyst was characterized by using different techniques (XRD, HR-SEM, EDS, DRS, PL, XPS, and BET methods). The photocatalytic activity of ZnS–TiO₂ was investigated for the degradation of Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) dye in an aqueous solution using ultraviolet light. ZnS–TiO₂ is found to be more efficient than prepared TiO₂, TiO₂–P25, TiO₂ (Merck), and ZnS at pH 7 for the mineralization of SY. The effects of operational parameters such as the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and initial pH on photo mineralization of SY have been analyzed. The mineralization of SY has been confirmed by chemical oxygen demand measurements. The catalyst is found to be reusable.     

环境中有机紫外防晒剂残留及其生态毒性研究进展

有机紫外防晒剂被广泛添加在个人护理品中,随着日常使用源源不断地进入环境中,成为一类新兴污染物。环境介质中有机紫外防晒剂的检测及其生态毒理是目前的研究热点。概述了个人护理品中常用的有机紫外防晒剂,总结了有机紫外防晒剂在各类地表水、沉积物和生物体等不同介质中的浓度水平,详细分析了有机紫外防晒剂对鱼类的内分泌干扰效应和对水生无脊椎动物的急性毒性,为今后深入研究和科学评价这类新兴污染物提供重要参考。     

Short-term prediction of influent flow rate and ammonia concentration in municipal wastewater treatment plants

The prediction of the influent load is of great importance for the improvement of the control system to a large wastewater treatment plant. A systematic data analysis method is presented in this paper in order to estimate and predict the periodicity of the influent flow rate and ammonia （NH3） concentrations： 1） data filtering using wavelet decomposition and reconstruction; 2） typical cycle identification using power spectrum density analysis; 3） fitting and prediction model establishment based on an autoregressive model. To give meaningful information for feedforward control systems, predictions in different time scales are tested to compare the corresponding predicting accuracy. Considering the influence of the rainfalls, a linear fitting model is derived to estimate the relationship between flow rate trend and rain events. Measurements used to support coefficient fitting and model testing are acquired from two municipal wastewater treatment plants in China. The results show that 1） for both of the two plants, the periodicity affects the flow rate and NH3 concentrations in different cycles （especially cycles longer than 1 day）; 2） when the flow rate and NH3 concentrations present an obvious periodicity, the decreasing of prediction accuracy is not distinct with increasing of the prediction time scales; 3） the periodicity influence is larger than rainfalls; 4） the rainfalls will make the periodicity of flow rate less obvious in intensive rainy periods.     

光助芬顿技术处理油母页岩干馏污水效果分析

以抚顺某油母页岩炼油厂为例,重点介绍此油母页岩干馏污水厂干馏废水处理工艺流程并分析其出水水质变化情况,检测了隔油-厌氧-好氧对COD、石油类物质和氨氮的处理效果.经上述工艺处理后,COD、石油类、和氨氮的去除率分别达到了80%、96%、和86%.但是出水中COD和氨氮质量浓度指标仍然比较高,最终出水分别为913 mg/L和126 mg/L,不能达到辽宁省污水排放标准.通过用UV/Fenton高级氧化法对其出水进一步深化处理,研究了芬顿试剂的组成、进水初始pH值、光照时间等对反应效果的影响.最优条件下,COD、氨氮和石油类的最终出水质量浓度分别为160 mg/L、9 mg/L和6 mg/L.     

基于能力谱的建筑物震害评估及城市抗震规划

为减轻地震建筑物破坏带来的人员伤亡和经济损失,根据能力谱方法计算7度和8度地震影响下建筑物的破坏状态,在此基础上进行城市抗震规划。首先把城市建筑物分成钢筋混凝土、砌体、钢框架及木结构4类;然后利用能力谱方法得到建筑物各种损坏状态的概率及震害指数;最后提出抗震规划措施,在GIS环境下可视化表达建筑物震害分级图。结果表明,中层小于低层和高层建筑物的震害指数;对低层和中层建筑物,钢筋混凝土的抗震能力较强。7度地震时,未设防和低设防建筑物的震害指数在0.5和1.0之间,轻微破坏;部分中等设防和高设防建筑物的震害指数小于0.5,基本完好。8度地震时,4类建筑物的震害指数在0.5～1.0之间,轻微破坏。进行城市抗震规划后,建筑物受7度地震影响时基本完好,受8度地震影响时轻微破坏。     

石化企业循环水的VOCs成分谱

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,针对3家石油化工企业的38个循环水样进行了VOCs的定性、定量分析。结果表明,石化企业循环水中主要含有烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃、芳香烃、含氧有机物等5类物质,其中卤代烃占总量的67%(w),芳香烃化合物占24%(w),烃类化合物、含氧化合物含量比较低,分别占4%(w)。本研究进一步完善了我国VOCs排放源成分谱,同时也为石化企业循环水中VOCs的管控提供了数据支持。