Removal of the herbicide amitrole from water by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton

Here we demonstrate that an aqueous solution of the herbicide amitrole can be completely depolluted at pH 3.0 by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton process. Anodic oxidation gives faster degradation with a boron-doped diamond anode than with a Pt anode. Electro-Fenton with a Pt anode and 1 mmol l ^–1 Fe²⁺ as catalyst yields the quickest depollution. Amitrole decay always follows a pseudo first-order reaction. NO₃^– and NH₄⁺ are accumulated in the medium during mineralization, although volatile N-products are also formed. These environmentally friendly electrochemical treatments could be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing amitrole.     

苯酚的超临界水氧化试验

以自建的一套连续式超临界水氧化装置的温度，压力，溶氧量和流量等参数的可控性进行了实验，并在此基础上进行了苯酚的超临界水氧化研究。结果表明：所建立的装置能比较精确控制各种条件参数，是可靠的超临界水氧化试验研究装置。在氧气过量的条件下，停留时间是影响苯酚在超临界水中氧化分解的主要因素，反应的温度和压力升高导致苯致苯酚去除率的增大，只要有足够的氧气，苯酚起始浓度的增加对苯酚的转化率影响不明显，在实验条件下，溶液中苯酚的去除动力学对苯酚是一级，氧气是零级。     

新型废水生物脱氮的微生物学研究进展

生物脱氮是含氮废水处理公认的最佳处理方式,随着对生物脱氮微生物学原理研究的不断深入,许多新的生物脱氮特殊菌株或菌群及微生物转化机制不断被发现.本文在传统生物脱氮过程机理上,结合最近国内外生物脱氮的新发现,就短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化的微生物学原理进行了阐述.图1表2参23     

五里塘生态农场有机废弃物的资源化生态工艺

上海市松江县五里塘生态农场以沼气工程、氧化沟和鱼塘围网养鸭为主的生态工程,有效地利用了农场产生的大量禽畜粪便并解决了沼液,沼渣的二次污染问题;在沼气池上建玻璃温室保温,使沼气池能正常越冬从而得以周年运转.生态工程的建立,取得了良好的经济、生态和环境效益.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated glass micro-spheres

The photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances in aqueous solutions and natural waters with TiO₂ attached to buoyant, hollow glass micro-spheres was studied. A maximum oxidation efficiency of 3.6 mg W^–1 h^–1 was achieved in neutral or alkaline media at a plane surface concentration of the catalyst attached to the micro-spheres of 25 g m^–2. Proceeding by different mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency did not benefit from an excessive presence of hydroxyl radical promoters, hydrogen peroxide and alkali.     

电子受体及中间产物对厌氧氨氧化的影响

研究了厌氧氨氧化混合培养物对不同基质(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐)的转化特性，确定了氨和硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐转化比例(物质的量)分别为1.085、0.897．亚硝酸盐转化成硝酸盐的比率为14.97％．在培养液中加入厌氧氨氧化的中间产物羟胺可以加速反应的进行．图3表2参9     

氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的氧化速率及其形态分布

采用氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂，论述了不同亚铁溶液中氧化水解动力学、氧化过程PH值变化以及不同反应过程对聚合氯化铁形态分布的影响；结果表明，氯化亚铁溶液的氧化速率主要受溶液的含酸量和三价铁离子的水解聚合反应的协同效应的影响，当溶液酸量达到最低点时，亚铁氧化速度也将降至最慢；通过形态分布、稳定性及氧化速度的研究确定了制备聚合氯化铁的最佳条件。     

TiO2多孔纳米微粒的制备及其物性表征

首次利用高分子悬浮聚合与溶胶－凝胶法相结合的技术，成功地制备了具有中空结构的TiO2多孔微粒，并用X－Ray,SEM,自动气体吸附仪等手段对其物理性质进行了系统表征，在最优pH条件下制备的TiO2微粒比表面可达67.5m^2/g，平均粒径为2μm，孔体积为0.1cm^3/g。与商品纳米TiO2相比，其微米尺寸使其具有易于分离和重复使用等优点，晶粒的结构特点决定了其具有高催化活性。     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡梳栲胶的研究

以Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌，X-射线衍射（XRD）考察相同条件下粉体的相结构．研究水中橡梳栲胶的光催化降解行为．结果表明，橡梳栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述，即浓度较高时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程；浓度较低时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程．外加H2O2对橡梳栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用，但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值．在远离橡梳栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好，且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率。     

Electrochemical degradation of the dye indigo carmine at boron-doped diamond anode for wastewaters remediation

Here we demonstrate that anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode can be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing indigo carmine. This environmentally friendly method decontaminates completely acid and alkaline aqueous solutions of this dye. The degradation rate increases with increasing current and dye concentration. Indigo carmine is more rapidly removed in alkaline than in acid medium, but its kinetics does not follow a defined reaction order. Isatin 5-sulfonic acid is the main aromatic product formed. Oxalic and oxamic acids are generated as ultimate carboxylic acids. The nitrogen of the dye is converted into NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻.