Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.     

Geological emission of methane from the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China

A static flux chamber method was applied to study natural emissions of methane into the atmosphere in the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Using an online method, which couples a gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/MS) together, the 13C/12C ratios of methane in the flux chambers were measured. The results demonstrated that methane gases were liable to migrate from deep oil/gas reservoir to the surface through microseepage and p...     

国外生活垃圾厌氧发酵技术的工程应用

厌氧发酵技术能较好地实现城市生活垃圾的资源化、无害化和减量化,是目前垃圾处理技术一个新的重要发展方向,而国内尚无运行的厌氧发酵处理厂。针对国外厌氧发酵技术的应用情况和发展趋势,侧重于从工程应用方面总结已建厌氧发酵处理厂的发酵技术,为我国厌氧发酵处理厂的建设和运行提供一定的技术支持。     

再生塑料粉煤灰复合材料井盖

将废塑料、粉煤灰、农作物秸杆等固体废弃物通过自主创新技术成功地制备了市政工程制品：井盖、井箅等。具有抗压、抗冲击性能优良;成本低;环境友好;美观;安全等特性。     

徐闻珊瑚礁保护区海水中多环芳烃的初探

2006年8月,对徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区中多环芳烃的污染现状进行调查和研究,采用固相萃取,GC-MS检测,分析其中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）单体的含量,结果表明该海域海水中16种PAHs的总平均含量为87.06±90.62 ng·L^-1,变化范围为43.31～435.64 ng·L^-1,与世界其它一些近岸海区海水中的PAHs含量相比污染较为严重。A1站位的PAHs含量偏高,主要来源于陆地的工业废水和生活污水以及渔船油污。PAHs含量的增多对珊瑚礁生态系统具有一定影响,最终将影响到人类的自身健康。     

土壤二维蒸气抽排去污效果的影响研究

土壤蒸气抽排是一种经济、高效、安全并已被广泛应用的污染场址现场修复技术,它能经济高效地去除非饱和带土壤中的挥发性有机污染物。以土壤和油污染物为例,进行了土壤二维抽排模拟实验,研究了气体抽排流量对去污效果的影响,通过实验可知:在增加气体抽排流量的情况下,抽排气中挥发性较强的有机物质正戊烷(C5h12)浓度下降的很快,最终保存在较低的浓度水平。挥发性一般的正辛烷(C8h18)和挥发性较弱的正癸烷(C10h22)经过长时间的抽排后,污染物也得到了降低,但是最终保持在比较高的浓度水平。得出增加气体抽排流量可以使污染物去除速率大幅度提高,从而缩短了净化时间,获得很好的去污效果。同时对二维抽排模拟实验和一维抽排模拟实验结果做了比较。     

Role of rural solid waste management in non-point source pollution control of Dianchi Lake catchments, China

In recent years, with control of the main municipal and industrial point pollution sources and implementation of cleaning for some inner pollution sources in the water body, the discharge of point source pollution decreased gradually, while non-point source pollution has become increasingly distressing in Dianchi Lake catchments. As one of the major targets in non-point source pollution control, an integrated solid waste controlling strategy combined with a technological solution and management system was proposed and implemented based on the waste disposal situation and characteristics of rural solid waste in the demonstration area. As the key technology in rural solid waste treatment, both centralized plant-scale composting and a dispersed farmer-operated waste treating system showed promise in rendering timely benefits in efficiency, large handling capacity, high quality of the end product, as well as good economic return. Problems encountered during multi-substrates co-composting such as pathogens, high moisture content, asynchronism in the decomposition of different substrates, and low quality of the end product can all be tackled. 92.5% of solid waste was collected in the demonstration area, while the treating and recycling ratio reached 87.9%, which prevented 32.2 t nitrogen and 3.9 t phosphorus per year from entering the water body of Dianchi Lake after implementation of the project.     

我国城市垃圾现状与可持续发展研究

首先分析我国城市垃圾问题的现状,介绍了我国目前城市垃圾处理技术,并对城市可持续发展垃圾治理问题进行了探讨。     

中小城市生活垃圾处理方法研讨

根据对城市生活垃圾不同的处理方法,并结合城市生活垃圾的成分,提出了中小城市应按其实际情况采用适宣本地的生活垃圾无害化处理的相应方法。     

基于土壤流失的农业面源TN和TP排海系数估算

以黄河三角洲为典型研究区,通过分析区域地表污染物流失风险与入海通量的关系,构建了海岸带农业总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）面源污染排海估算模型.在此基础上,计算了包含水田、水浇地和旱地等耕地类的TN和TP面源污染排海系数,验证表明输出系数估算结果较好.研究区耕地的TN和TP排海系数分别为18.33 kg·（hm²·a）^-1和1.02 kg·（hm²·a）^-1,在夏季面源污染负荷较高.子流域尺度较大的耕地类农业面源污染负荷主要位于支脉河、广利河和小岛河管控区域.TN和TP总负荷较大的行政区主要位于北部黄河口镇和永安镇;较大的单位面积负荷在西南部.因此,需要关注农业面源污染的时间效应,同时协调社会经济发展,从子流域和行政单元的角度制定综合性面源污染防控策略,陆海统筹治理海域污染.