废旧电路板的解离特性分析

废旧电路板的回收方法依赖于电路板的性质,因此从定性和定量的角度确定废旧电路板上各种物质的组成和含量,对处理技术的选择非常重要。本论文主要针对目前数量最多的废旧电路板（PCB）,利用选矿技术的分离方法进行废旧电路板的解离特性研究。即破碎后的物料首先通过筛分试验确定物料的粒级组成;通过小浮沉试验确定每个粒级的金属和非金属含量。为后续分选作业的可行性提供依据。     

Characteristic and mercury adsorption of activated carbon produced by CO2 of chicken waste

Preparation of activated carbon from chicken waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg removal. A three-stage activation process （drying at 200℃, pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, followed by CO2 activation） was used for the production of activated samples. The effects of carbonization temperature （409-4500℃）, activation temperature （700-900℃）, and activation time （1-2.5 h） on the physicochemical properties （weight-loss and BET surface） of the prepared carbon wereinvestigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury from real flue gas onto activated carbon has been studied. The activated carbon from chicken waste has the same mercury capacity as commercial activated carbon （Darco LH） （Hg^v： 38.7% vs. 53.5%, Hg^0： 50.5% vs. 68.8%）, although its surface area is around 10 times smaller, 89.5 m^2/g vs. 862 m^2/g. The low cost activated carbon can be produced from chicken waste, and the procedure is suitable.     

Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.     

高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺处理城市污水的实验研究

高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺能有效去除微污染水源中的有机物、浊度、色度,该工艺具有操作简便、易控制、投资节省的特点。本文通过改变传统工艺中用聚合氯化铝做混凝剂的做法,选用硫酸铝做混凝剂,确定影响处理效果的因素,得出最佳实验条件。实验结果表明,（1）高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺处理效果与试剂投加顺序有密切关系;（2）高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭处理工艺能显著改善水质,比单独使用粉末活性炭效果更好。     

再生塑料粉煤灰复合材料井盖

将废塑料、粉煤灰、农作物秸杆等固体废弃物通过自主创新技术成功地制备了市政工程制品：井盖、井箅等。具有抗压、抗冲击性能优良;成本低;环境友好;美观;安全等特性。     

Fenton法处理类长填龄渗滤液的氧化和絮凝作用

采用Fenton法对难降解的类长填龄渗滤液进行处理,考察其氧化和絮凝作用对有机物去除的贡献. 结果表明:以COD_Cr去除率最大为目标,试验在最优条件下,c(H₂O2)/c(Fe2+)为7.0,Fe2+投加量(c(Fe2+))为60　mmol/L,pH为3.0,此时COD_Cr总去除率为60%;其中氧化作用去除率为44%,氧化和絮凝作用的效率比为2.7. c(H₂O₂)/c(Fe2+),c(Fe2+)和pH的变化对氧化和絮凝作用有明显影响,氧化作用对COD_Cr去除率随H₂O₂投加量增大而增大.絮凝作用对COD_Cr的去除率不仅受Fe2+投加量直接影响,随其增加而增大;还间接受氧化作用去除率影响,氧化作用去除率越大,剩余有机物大分子所占比例降低,絮凝作用对有机物的去除率越低.      

浅析中国的电子垃圾治理

本文分析了电子垃圾的成分、特征、危害以及中国电子垃圾现状,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,进一步探讨了中国电子垃圾污染现状的原因和如何规范并合理地处理和回收电子垃圾,通过从法律、市场、企业和政府等多方面分析,提出了防治电子垃圾污染的建议和措施,同时呼吁社会各界共同关注电子垃圾对我们生存环境的影响,提高资源化废弃物和循环经济理念,提高全社会的环境保护意识,鼓励公众参与,这对促进中国经济的可持续发展和构建和谐社会具有重大意义。     

废弃采石场作为一般工业固体废物填埋场址探析

从城市工业固体废物消纳和废弃采石场作为填埋处置场地的角度出发,对利用废弃采石场作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物填埋场场址条件进行探讨,通过广州市地区实例说明利用废弃采石场选址作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固废填埋场址的可用性,这对未来废弃采石场的综合利用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

利用化学沉淀法降低焦化废水氨氮浓度的预处理工艺研究

为了有效净化高浓度氨氮工业废水,采用向废水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O生成磷酸氨镁沉淀的方法,以去除其中的高浓度氨氮。结果表明,在pH值为9.0,Mg^2＋、NH4^＋、PO4^3-的摩尔比为1.2：1：0.9,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为20 min,沉淀时间为50 min的条件下,氨氮质量浓度可由3 100 mg/l降低到56mg/l,去除率达到98%以上,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

国外生活垃圾厌氧发酵技术的工程应用

厌氧发酵技术能较好地实现城市生活垃圾的资源化、无害化和减量化,是目前垃圾处理技术一个新的重要发展方向,而国内尚无运行的厌氧发酵处理厂。针对国外厌氧发酵技术的应用情况和发展趋势,侧重于从工程应用方面总结已建厌氧发酵处理厂的发酵技术,为我国厌氧发酵处理厂的建设和运行提供一定的技术支持。