苏南区域尾水调度处理战略构想

苏南是长江三角洲中人口最集中、经济最发达、环境最敏感的地区之一,日益严重的水污染已困扰该地区的可持续发展.根据苏南地区水污染和自然地理状况,提出了"控源导流,清污两制,三级控制、三级标准"的水污染控制战略思想.构建了苏锡常地区具体的尾水导流及尾水资源化生态处理方案,提出了方案的实施步骤和管理协调机制,并初步分析了方案的预期效益.     

南亚热带针阔混交林土壤热通量研究

运用土壤热通量板、常规微气象观测系统等设施对鼎湖山针阔混交林的土壤热通量和微气象因子进行了系统研究,结果表明,不同热通量板测值之间的差异可达10%以上。在中小时间尺度(≤1月)上,土壤热通量板上方土壤贮热均不能忽略,否则所测算的表层土壤热通量会产生较大误差,甚至发生热通量传递方向逆转的情况。5cm深度处和表层土壤热通量的日变化均呈“S”形,且前者相位后移0.5～1h。旱季土壤为热源而雨季为热汇,表层土壤年总热通量为-0.44MJ·m-2,说明就全年尺度而言,土壤是热源。表层土壤热贮量月变动范围为-0.14~0.20MJ·m-2,是5cm深度处土壤热通量的-11.0%~1.3%。表层土壤热通量月总值占净辐射的比例变动范围为-12.0%~3.3%,由于能量平衡大多在较小时间尺度上进行比较,故必须准确考察土壤热通量的变化,否则会极大地影响能量平衡。在0.5h尺度上,表层土壤热通量与2.5h前的冠层净辐射回归方程相关性最好,达极显著水平,说明鼎湖山针阔混交林土壤热通量对冠层净辐射的反馈要延滞约2.5h。     

南海东部大气湿沉降中无机氮的研究

通过分析2000至2014年菲律宾马尼拉(Manila)和洛斯巴诺斯(Los Banos)大气湿沉降资料,初步探讨近15年湿沉降中无机氮含量特征以及对南海东部海域水生生态系统的影响。结果显示,湿沉降中NO-3-N和NH+4-N的浓度均为旱季高雨季低;NO-3-N浓度在近15年虽有波动,但并无明显变化趋势;而洛斯巴诺斯区域的NH+4-N浓度自2009后稍有波动上升。NO-3-N和NH+4-N的沉降通量与浓度相反,表现为雨季高而旱季低,年际上总体表现为NH+4-N的沉降通量大于NO-3-N,马尼拉无机氮的沉降通量大于洛斯巴诺斯,并且在2003年之后,马尼拉和洛斯巴诺斯NH+4-N的沉降通量均呈明显上升趋势,菲律宾经济的快速增长及人类活动是主导其上升的主要因素。马尼拉和洛斯巴诺斯湿沉降中NO-3-N/NH+4-N值分别为0.33和0.41,该比值和无机氮浓度与南海东部各海区表层海水的值有明显的差别,因此降水可能改变该海域表层水体无机氮的组成结构,进而影响水体中浮游植物的生长及其群落结构。     

南黄海6-1级地震前海安台形变电阻率异常特征

追踪研究南黄海６－１ 级地震前,松散覆盖层巨厚地区形变电阻率异常特征。探讨形变电阻率在破坏性地震前兆跟踪中的作用。     

城市景观河流最小生态环境需水量的计算方法——以沈阳城区南运河为例

以沈阳城区南运河为例,从生态学理论和水水功能区划分的角度出发,结合南运河水质现状,通过所建立的水质模型模拟提出了南运河枯水期和丰水期的最小生态环境需水量和水质。在此基础上,提出了城市景观河流最小生态环境需水量的计算方法,从而为城市景观河流生态环境需水量的研究起到一定指导作用。     

南亚热带两座不同水文动态的水库浮游植物的功能类群演替比较

南屏、竹仙洞水库是珠海市拱北水厂的水源地,也是对澳门供水的主要水库。于2010年4月-2011年3月对这两座水库逐月采样,依据Padisák等（2009）功能类群方法对水样中浮游植物进行分类,不同的功能类群以不同的字母或字母与数字组合来命名。并结合水库的水文、水质及浮游植物生境特征,分析优势功能类群的演替动态及其主要环境影响因子。结果表明：南屏水库浮游植物功能类群演替具有明显的时间异质性。泽丝藻（Limnothrix sp.）、假鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena sp.）等丝状蓝藻代表的S1功能类群与薄甲藻（Glenodinium sp.）代表的Y功能类群在6、7月份相对稳定水体中共同占优势,是南屏水库丰水期浮游植物演替的一个重要特征;而枯水期则主要以小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）、针杆藻（Synedra sp.）、颗粒直链藻（Aulacoseira granulata）等适应混合水体的C＋D＋P功能类群为优势群落。竹仙洞水库中几乎全年以C＋D＋P功能类群占优势,推测是因为竹仙洞水库水力滞留时间较短,利于耐冲刷的功能类群的生长。通过PCA（主成分分析）和RDA（冗余分析）探讨浮游植物功能类群演替与环境因子之间的关系,结果显示水力滞留时间、降雨量和正磷是影响南屏水库浮游植物功能类群演替的重要因子,而竹仙洞水库则是水力滞留时间和降雨量。两座水库的水力滞留时间差异明显,从而造成两座水库浮游植物功能类群组成及演替趋势的不同。     

闽南地区农村征地冲突的风险预警及防范对策--以福建省晋江市为例

借鉴社会冲突理论构建了农村征地冲突风险预警指标体系,并以闽南地区晋江市为案例区,运用模糊综合评价法分析了农村征地冲突风险警级水平及其产生机制。结果表明:闽南地区农村征地冲突风险水平整体处于中警级别,农村征地冲突风险警级水平与该区域的特征密切相关。基于研究结果,为有效防范闽南地区农村征地冲突风险,应从完善征地纠纷矛盾调解机制、尊重农户心理需求和文化认同、建立分级控制预警机制等方面制定风险防范对策。     

Participatory scenario planning to facilitate human–wildlife coexistence

Fostering human–wildlife coexistence requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate multiple sectors, account for complexity and uncertainty, and ensure stakeholder participation. One such approach is participatory scenario planning, but to date, this approach has not been used in human–wildlife contexts. We devised a template for how participatory scenario planning can be applied to identify potential avenues for improving human–wildlife coexistence. We drew on 3 conceptual building blocks, namely the SEEDS framework, the notion of critical uncertainties, and the three-horizons technique. To illustrate the application of the proposed template, we conducted a case study in the Zambezi region of Namibia. We held 5 multistakeholder workshops that involved local people as well as numerous nongovernment and government stakeholders. We identified 14 important wildlife species that generated multiple services and disservices. The subsequent benefits and burdens, in turn, were inequitably distributed among stakeholders. Government actors played particularly influential roles in shaping social-ecological outcomes. We identified 2 critical uncertainties for the future: the nature of governance (fragmented vs. collaborative) and the type of wildlife economy (hunting vs. photography based). Considering these uncertainties resulted in 4 plausible scenarios describing future human–wildlife coexistence. Stakeholders did not agree on a single preferred scenario, but nevertheless agreed on several high-priority strategies. Bridging the remaining gaps among actors will require ongoing deliberation among stakeholders. Navigating the complex challenges posed by living with wildlife requires moving beyond disciplinary approaches. To that end, our template could prove useful in many landscapes around the world.     

Forestry and environmental democracy: the problematic case of the South Wales Valleys

Academic arguments present a critique of representative democracy and suggest that enhanced participation of communities in the management, governance and regulation of their local environments is required. Similarly, theorists of environmental democracy suggest the possibility and desirability of community involvement. In this paper, we argue that theories of environmental democracy lack the explanatory power to address real-life relations between people and their environment. Drawing on empirical material from recent research in the forested communities of the former coalfields of the South Wales Valleys, we identify significant rigidities, inertia and barriers that stand in the way of community participation in environmental democracy. We do this by constructing a framework for critical analysis that postulates a connection between recent shifts towards post-productivism in British forestry policy and theories of environmental democracy. Our findings point to a dissonance between, on the one hand, post-productivist forestry policy and theoretical discourses of governance, participation and environmental democracy, and, on the other hand, the actual situation of people living in the communities of the Valleys forest in South Wales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渤海南部表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

利用电感耦合等离子体/质谱仪(ICP/MS)测定了渤海南部21个站位表层沉积物中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb共5种重金属浓度,比较分析了重金属来源及分布特征,同时应用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法进行潜在生态风险评价.结果表明,调查区域沉积物中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的平均质量浓度分别为43.67、17.27、...