大豆种皮过氧化物酶在酚类废水处理中的应用

介绍了大豆种皮过氧化物酶（SBP）的特性、除酚原理及用SBP处理酚类废水的研究进展，对SBP除酚的主要技术参数进行了详细阐述，并对现存问题和解决途径进行了探讨。SBP的性质优异、酶源丰富、价格低廉。直接用大豆种皮处理废水的经济指标已基本达到实用水平，但导致废水中可溶性固形物的含量增加，解决的途径是选育酶活性高、稳定性好的大豆品种。     

两种不同抗性作物对酸雨胁迫的响应

为明晰植物渗透调节在抗酸性机制中的作用,考察了模拟酸雨对抗酸性作物水稻(Oryza sativa)和酸敏感性作物大豆(Glycine max)幼苗株高、叶片含水量、渗透势、脯氨酸含量和质膜H+-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,酸雨(p H=2.5~5.0)喷施5 d后,水稻和大豆幼苗的耐受阈值为p H=4.0和5.0;恢复5 d后,p H=2.5组水稻和p H=3.0组大豆含水量和株高仍未恢复到对照水平。动态测定结果显示,酸雨(p H=4.5和3.0)胁迫初期(第3 d),水稻脯氨酸含量应激升高,调控渗透势下降;随胁迫时间延长(第5 d),脯氨酸含量升高不足以维持稳定的渗透势,质膜H+-ATPase活性升高,调控胞内外渗透平衡。研究表明,酸雨胁迫下水稻脯氨酸和质膜H+-ATPase的渗透调节能力强于大豆,这是水稻抗酸性强于大豆的内在机制之一。     

UV-B增加与酸雨复合处理对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了UV-B辐射增加与酸雨的复合处理对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：UV-B辐射增加对大豆种子的萌发没有影响，酸雨处理降低了大豆种子的发芽率。UV-B辐射增加与酸雨的复合处理，降低了幼苗的株高、绿叶数、叶面积、干质量、叶绿素和蒸腾速率，复合胁迫的下降幅度明显高于单一因子胁迫，并且下降幅度受UV-B辐射强度与酸雨pH的影响。UV-B辐射增加与酸雨处理在抑制幼苗生长上具有协同作用。     

大豆蛋白和屠宰废水处理工艺研究

介绍了两公司大豆蛋白废水的水质水量和性质特征,分析工程的工艺设计和调试运行状况.对大豆蛋白和屠宰废水的处理,采用混和处理的总体工艺,理论研究和运行实践表明,混和处理利于均衡生物处理营养,优化厌氧处理工艺型式及参数.污泥培养时,尽快从间歇运行变为连续运行,利于基质和污泥的混和接触,促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解,防止油和脂肪酸的积累及其抑制作用,防止油脂包覆污泥,造成污泥漂浮流失.     

试论黄淮海地区的自然资源及国家级作物商品基地的建设

根据中国主要农业区--黄淮海地区的自然和社会经济条件,分析了该区小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花等在气候-土壤生态适应性的基础上,采用逐级生产力估算方法,计算出四大作物的商品量,论证了该地区建设为全国性四大作物商品基地的可能性。     

高CO2浓度条件下小麦、大豆对土壤水分胁迫的响应

通过试验研究了在高CO2 浓度 ( 70 0× 1 0 - 6)条件下 ,土壤水分胁迫对小麦和大豆的影响 .结果表明 :CO2 浓度升高可缓解土壤水分亏缺对大豆和小麦的伤害 .CO2 浓度升高和干旱胁迫均使叶片气孔阻力增大 ,蒸腾速率下降 .高CO2 浓度条件下 ,出现干旱胁迫时 ,蒸腾速率下降幅度更大 ,因而减少水分损失 ,提高叶片和整个植株的水势 ,增强耐旱能力 ;CO2 浓度上升使大豆和小麦积累了更多生物产量 ,补偿了干旱胁迫带来的损失 ,提高了水分利用率 ;CO2 浓度升高和干旱胁迫有利于小麦和大豆叶片硫、锌和铁的积累 .     

Biodegradable Soy-Based Plastics: Opportunities and Challenges

Today's plastics are designed with little consideration for their ultimate disposability or the effect of the resources (feedstocks) used in making them. This has resulted in mounting worldwide concerns over the environmental consequences of such materials when they enter the mainstream after their intended uses. This led to the concept of designing and engineering new biodegradable materials–materials that have the performance characteristics of today's materials but that undergo biodegradation along with other organic waste to soil humic materials. Hence, the production of biodegradable materials from annually renewable agricultural feedstocks has attracted attention in recent years. Agricultural materials such as starches and proteins are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Soybean is a good candidate for manufacturing a large number of chemicals, including biodegradable plastics, as it is abundantly available and cheap. Soy protein concentrate, isolate, or flakes could be compounded with synthetic biodegradable plastics such as polycaprolactone or poly (lactic acid) to make molded products or edible films or shopping bags and make the environment cleaner and greener.     

中国大豆资源的虚拟土贸易及进口依存度分析

论文把大豆、豆粕和豆油及其它大豆加工制成品等统称为大豆资源,而豆粕和豆油是两大最主要的大豆加工制品。受中国耕地资源限制和国际大豆市场的影响,中国大豆产量徘徊不前;而随着饲料业、畜牧业的发展,以及人们对植物油需求的增加,国内对大豆资源的需求不断增加,大豆及其加工制品的进口量也逐年增加。包括大豆资源在内的农产品及其加工制品,均含有一定的虚拟土。根据生产地生产该产品实际所需要的土地资源数量计算,能反映一个国家(或地区)虚拟土贸易的实际状况;而根据需求地生产该产品所需要的土地资源数量计算,可以反映进口国家(或地区)土地资源节约的真实情况。论文首先从理论上研究了大豆资源虚拟土的量化方法,并计算了不同国家大豆资源的虚拟土含量。然后分析了中国2000-2009年大豆资源国际贸易下隐含的虚拟土贸易、耕地资源节约以及进口依存度。研究结果显示:①中国大豆、豆粕和豆油的虚拟土含量分别为0.60、0.50和1.24 hm²/t,而世界平均含量分别为0.43、0.34和0.89 hm²/t;②中国大豆资源的虚拟土实际净进口量由2000年的413.54×10⁴ hm²增加到2009年的1 729.14×10⁴ hm²,2009年从美国、巴西和阿根廷的进口比重分别为44.5%、37.4%和15.4%;③中国耕地资源的实际节约量由2000年的687×10⁴ hm²增加到2009年的2 851×10⁴ hm²。大豆资源虚拟土贸易的进口依存度由42.0%提高到76.1%,2009年中国对美国、巴西和阿根廷的进口依存度分别为36.1%、28.1%和12.4%。     

Scaling of dust explosion violence from laboratory scale to full industrial scale – A challenging case history from the past

The standardized K_St parameter still seems to be widely used as a universal criterion for ranking explosion violence to be expected from various dusts in given industrial situations. However, this may not be a generally valid approach. In the case of dust explosion venting, the maximum pressure P_max generated in a given vented industrial enclosure is not only influenced by inherent dust parameters (dust chemistry including moisture, and sizes and shapes of individual dust particles). Process-related parameters (degree of dust dispersion, cloud turbulence, and dust concentration) also play key roles. This view seems to be confirmed by some results from a series of large scale vented dust explosion experiments in a 500 m³ silo conducted in Norway by CMI, (now GexCon AS) during 1980–1982. Therefore, these results have been brought forward again in the present paper. The original purpose of the 500 m³ silo experiments was to obtain correlations between P_max in the vented silo and the vent area in the silo top surface, for two different dusts, viz. a wheat grain dust collected in a Norwegian grain import silo facility, and a soya meal used for production of fish farming food. Both dusts were tested in the standard 20-L-sphere in two independent laboratories, and also in the Hartmann bomb in two independent laboratories. P_max and (dP/dt)_max were significantly lower for the soya meal than for the wheat grain dust in all laboratory tests. Because the available amount of wheat grain dust was much larger than the quite limited amount of available soya meal, a complete series of 16 vented silo experiments was first performed with the wheat grain dust, starting with the largest vent area and ending with the smallest one. Then, to avoid unnecessary laborious changes of vent areas, the first experiment with soya dust was performed with the smallest area. The dust cloud in the silo was produced in exactly the same way as with the wheat grain dust. However, contrary to expectations based on the laboratory-scale tests, the soya meal exploded more violently in the large silo than the wheat grain dust, and the silo was blown apart in the very first experiment with this material. The probable reason is that the two dusts responded differently to the dust cloud formation process in the silo on the one hand and in the laboratory-scale apparatuses on the other. This re-confirms that a differentiated philosophy for design of dust explosion vents is indeed needed. Appropriate attention must be paid to the influence of the actual dust cloud generation process on the required vent area. The location and type of the ignition source also play important roles. It may seem that tailored design has to become the future solution for tackling this complex reality, not least for large storage silos. It is the view of the present author that the ongoing development of CFD-based computer codes offers the most promising line of attack. This also applies to design of systems for dust explosion isolation and suppression.