菱形藻在污水中的生长及其净化能力

研究了菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)在不同浓度污水中的生长及其对不同形态氮磷的去除情况。结果表明:(1)菱形藻在不同浓度污水中均可以生长,但比生长速率存在显著差异,其中在50%、80%污水环境与基础培养(f/2)环境中生长较快,比生长速率为5.9～8.5,不存在差异;(2)不同浓度污水培养菱形藻后N、P养分均有一定的去除,总磷(TP)和NO3-N利用率均在60%以上,NO2-N、总氮(TN)、NH4-N的利用率分别在40%、70%、90%以上,表明菱形藻有较强的净化水源的能力;(3)污水培养后菱形藻的营养成分含量均高于纯海水培养的,其中80%污水环境下藻细胞叶绿素、胞外多糖(EPS)、胞内多糖(IPS)、蛋白质和总脂肪含量最高,分别占干重的3.5%、2%、4%、1.5%和14.5%。     

耐锰菌Fusarium sp.浸出电解锰渣中锰的机制研究

为了探讨耐锰菌Fusarium sp.浸出锰离子的作用机制,对比分析了用Fusarium sp.与外加有机酸浸取后电解锰废渣的表征及锰离子浸出率的变化,重点考察了在Fusarium sp.浸取条件下锰离子浸出率、pH以及部分有机酸含量变化的关系.在锰离子的浸出过程中,当加入Fusarium sp.后,浸取后的电解锰废渣...     

1株高效去除氨氮的红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及特性

从云南某一沼泽地中分离筛选出1株可降解氨氮的光合细菌psb1,细胞形态及活细胞特征吸收光谱与红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas sp.)基本一致.光合细菌16S r DNA特异引物扩增序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas sp.同源性达99%,且细菌叶绿素Y亚基的蛋白质序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris相似性最大,为99%.但生理生化特征及其主要脂肪酸分析发现菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris有较大差异,菌株psb1不能利用葡萄糖和甘露醇等,且含特定脂肪酸C_(18:1ω6c).单一因素实验结果表明:菌株psb1最适生长温度和p H分别为40℃和7.0,最优生长氮源为酵母膏;初始p H为6.0~7.0,30℃条件下厌氧光照培养,投加0.4%的psb1菌剂对模拟废水中氨氮的去除率达99%以上.说明光合细菌psb1为Rhodopseudomonas属的一个新菌,能高效去除氨氮,在景观水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景.     

拉乌尔菌sari01的分离及其异养硝化好氧反硝化特性

拉乌尔菌属是肠杆菌科中新分类的一个属,具有降解多种环境污染物的能力.本研究通过异养硝化培养基富集,从活性污泥中筛选出1株拉乌尔菌,命名为sari01.通过单因素和响应曲面实验研究,得出菌株sari01硝化作用的最适条件:碳源为柠檬酸钠、pH为7.0~7.5、温度为30℃、C/N为15、接种量为7.5%、溶氧以装液量计取50 mL,此时氨氮去除率可达99.9%,其中33.7%被转化成气体而去除,剩余部分转化为细胞生物量.菌株sari01能够利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行生长,在优化培养条件下氮的去除率分别为98.4%和65.2%.说明菌株sari01具有很强的异养硝化和好氧反硝化特性,能够独立完成异养硝化和好氧反硝化脱氮过程,在污水处理中具有潜在的应用价值.     

烟嘧磺隆降解菌SY-6的固定化、降解特性及其工程化应用

以海藻酸钠为载体,对烟嘧磺隆降解菌SY-6进行细胞固定化,通过单因素实验明确了菌株包埋SY-6的最优条件,并对其降解特性进行研究。结果表明,当海藻酸钠含量为4%,Ca Cl2含量为3%,固化时间为4 h,制得的固定化小球具有较强的机械强度和较好的传质性能及其对烟嘧磺隆的降解率较高。固定化细胞降解烟嘧磺隆的最佳条件为p H为7.0、温度为30℃、包菌量为5%。在不同p H或温度下,与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞有较宽泛的耐受性。将包埋的SY-6投加到序批式反应器(简称SBR)中处理烟嘧磺隆废水,结果表明,菌株SY-6在合适的使用周期内稳定性较高且对烟嘧磺隆废水降解效果较好,为烟嘧磺隆固定化细菌的工程化应用奠定了基础。     

红球菌-R04生物降解多卤代联苯的影响因素研究

研究了不同取代元素以及取代元素的数量、位置等因素对 Rhodococcus sp. R04降解多卤代联苯的影响.结果表明,联苯苯环第4位上的氢分别被氟、氯、溴以及甲基基团取代后降解率由高到低依次为4-FB>4-CB34-MB>4-BrB;当取代元素相同时,随着取代原子数目的增加,多卤代联苯降解率降低;当取代元素及取代原子数目相同时,不同位置的取代对卤代联苯的降解影响较大,特别是2,6位取代会强烈抑制关键酶对卤代联苯的催化降解,导致降解率降低.     

Characterization of the first step involved in enzymatic pathway for microcystin-RR biodegraded by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

Enzymes encoded by genes biodegrading microcystins (MCs) can help reveal the function of genes and biodegradation pathway of MCs. Here the first and important gene (USTB-05-A, 1,008 bp) involved in biodegradation of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) was cloned from Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 and firstly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with an expression vector of pGEX4T-1 successfully. The nucleotide sequences of cloned USTB-05-A possessed 92.5% homology to that of mlA reported in Sphingomonas sp. strain ACM-3962. The deduced amino acid sequences containing the cleavage sites of 26th (alanine) and 27th (leucine) showed 83% identical to that of MlrA. The cell-free extract (CE) of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-RR. Initial MC-RR of 40 mg L⁻¹ was completely biodegraded under total protein of 350 mg L⁻¹ within 0.25 h. A product derived from MC-RR appeared distinctly with the decrease of MC-RR peak on the profile of HPLC. The product (m/z 1056.5) had molecular weight of 18 higher than that of MC-RR (m/z 1038.7). The findings provided the positive evidences that biodegradation of MC-RR began with the breakage of cyclic MC-RR and then it was converted to linear MC-RR as the first product catalyzed by first enzyme of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.     

Effects of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient levels on carbon fixation and properties of Thermosynechococcus sp. in a continuous system

The concept of CO₂ chemo-absorption by sodium hydroxide in a wet scrubber followed by microalgae cultivation was used as a means to reduce the major greenhouse gas. A thermophilic and alkaline tolerable cyanobacterium named Thermosynechococcus CL-1 (TCL-1) was cultivated in continuous system, with a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer as carbon source. The effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC_in) and nutrient levels in influent on cell mass productivity, DIC removal efficiency, and alkaline solution regeneration by TCL-1 were investigated. The results show the highest cell mass productivity reaches 1.7 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹ under the highest DIC and nutrients level. Conversely, the best regeneration of alkaline solution proceeds from pH 9.5 to 11.3 under the lowest level. In addition, the highest ΔDIC (DIC consumption) and DIC removal efficiency are 42 mM and 43% at 113.2 and 57 mM DIC_in, respectively.     

交流电场与Fusarium sp.A-2耦合对博落回修复铀污染土壤的强化作用

通过盆栽试验研究了交流电场(AC)与Fusarium sp.A-2(A-2)真菌耦合对博落回(P)的生物量、富集铀(U)性能、酶活性以及根际土壤中有机酸含量、生物可利用态铀、根际微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明, 在铀(U)污染土壤中, 与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U和P+U相比, AC+A-2+P+U组博落回的鲜重、株高、总干重分别升高了10.67%~45.76%、26.87%~92.02%和61.99%~159.98%;总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量分别提高了41.24%~133%和15.35%~63.63%;根际土壤中草酸显著增加了13.03%~157.09%;与A-2+P+U和P+U组相比, AC+A-2+P+U组土壤中生物可利用态铀分别提高了12.5%和28.57%.在AC+A-2+P+U组, 植物根际土壤中存在大量的镰刀型菌(Fusarium)真菌属和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)等细菌菌属, 且镰刀型菌属(Fusarium)占比最高, 与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U、P+U和A-2+U组相比, Fusarium分别提高了16.67%、81.03%、299.23%和374.47%.AC和A-2耦合强化博落回修复铀污染土壤的可能机理包括AC提高了铀在土壤中的流动性, 增加了植物根部与铀的接触, 促进了铀的富集; AC刺激了博落回的生理活性, 增大了博落回的生物量, 提高了抗氧化酶活性, 使博落回对铀的耐受性增强; AC刺激了A-2真菌和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)的生长, 使其比例增大, 从而产生大量的有机酸, 与铀形成螯合物, 降低了铀对植物的胁迫作用, 提高了生物可利用态铀的占比, 促进了博落回对铀的富集.AC与A-2真菌耦合对P修复铀污染土壤有显著的强化作用, 是一种有潜在应用前景的强化方法.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.