顶空气相色谱法测定水体中的低分子量胺类

选用在强碱性条件下加入电解质,使水体中的胺类进入气相,顶空进样至气相色谱分析。同时选用ＨＰ－１大口径毛细管柱及ＮＰＤ检测器分析,既保证了各低分子量胺类物质的分离,又保证定量分析的高灵敏度。本方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好、适应范围广,对水中各胺类的最低检出浓度分别为：甲胺０．４μｇ／Ｌ、二甲胺０．４μｇ／Ｌ、三甲胺０．４μｇ／Ｌ、乙胺０．５μｇ／Ｌ。本方法可用于水和废水中低分子量胺类的测定。     

灰色预测法在设备状态趋势预报中的应用

分析了设备运行状态的特征 ,运用灰色系统理论对设备状态特征量——振动烈度 ,建立了灰色预测模型。计算结果表明 ,预测模型的计算值与实际测定值非常接近 ,而且可进一步预报设备运行状态趋势。灰色预测法的引进 ,丰富了设备状态监测与故障诊断技术学科的基础理论 ,推动了该学科向更高水平发展 ,预示了该学具有更广阔的应用前景。     

电动力学技术去除剩余污泥中铜、锌条件优化

电动力学去除剩余污泥中重金属受到多种因素的影响,其中电解电压、电极面积、电极材料等都有较大的影响,很有必要进行条件优化研究。针对存在的问题,系统的研究了电解电压、电极面积、电极材料对电动力学修复过程的影响。研究表明,影响污泥中重金属Cu和Zn去除率的因素大小顺序为:电压电极面积电极材料;采用等于或低于氢析出电压进行电动力学修复时,更有利于提高污泥中重金属去除率;增大电极面积,提高了电流强度,有利于污泥中重金属的转化、迁移,从而提高污泥中重金属去除率;研究表明,采用低于氢析出电压和惰性电极可以有效避免电极被腐蚀。     

热解条件对废旧电路板真空热解油的成分的影响

采用GC/MS检测,研究最终温度(400、500和600℃)和升温速率(5、10和15℃/min)对废旧电路板真空热解油的成分的影响。研究表明,最终温度过高(600℃)、升温速率较小(5℃/min)或较大(15℃/min)都不利于热解油的形成,反而增大不凝气的产量。升高最终温度会增强较低碳数物质的热解效果,产生更多的不凝气;但同时也会限制较高碳数物质的热解,出现较多的环化、聚合反应生成结构复杂的物质。升温速率较高(15℃/min),会产生大量不饱和物质,其在后续发生环化、聚合等反应,生成更多的C14~C18,C6~C9含量则大幅下降。从热解油产量和GC/MS检测结果看,升温速率为10℃/min、最终温度为500℃和恒温1 h,热解充分,热解油C6~C9含量高,有较高的综合利用价值。     

Investigation on working fluids selection for organic rankine cycles with low-temperature heat sources

The Influence of mixed and pure working fluids on the performance of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) is discussed. Specifically, the performance of mixed and pure working fluids is analyzed based on certain characteristics of low-temperature heat source and heat sink. A method of selecting binary zeotropic mixed working fluids that match with different heat sinks is introduced. Thermodynamic processes of ORCs for various heat sources are simulated in Matlab. The performance characteristics of pure and mixed working fluids are compared under different inlet temperatures and temperature gradients of sensible heat sources. The results demonstrate that when the initial temperature of a heat source is lower and its temperature gradient is higher, and the temperature gradient of the heat sink is higher, mixed working fluids have better performance than pure working fluids. However, for the opposite heat source and heat sink situations, pure working fluids perform better. Mixtures with low critical temperature components exhibit the best performance among all working fluids when the temperature gradient of the heat source is large. The analysis also shows that introduction of a recuperator may reduce the cycle efficiency when the heat source temperature is low and the temperature gradient of the heat source is large.     

一株苯酚高效降解菌的生长条件

为了提高高效菌株的降酚活力,运用单因素实验和正交试验,对一株优势降酚菌GPS-1的生长条件进行了较为系统的研究。单因素实验结果表明,GPS-1菌株的活性范围是:温度20~40℃,PH 5.0~9.0,外加碳源(葡萄糖)浓度0~1000 mg/L,盐浓度0~8 g/L;考虑动力消耗,溶解氧(摇床转速)应为180 r/min。由正交试验可知:影响GPS-1菌株生长的最主要因素是温度,其次是pH值和外加碳源浓度;且菌株的最佳生长条件为:温度30℃,pH值7.0,外加碳源浓度1000 mg/L。这一实验结果为生物法处理含酚废水提供了可靠的控制条件。     

Metolachlor persistence in laboratory and field soils under Indian tropical conditions

Abstract

Metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐2'‐ethyl‐6'‐methyl acetanilide] dissipation under both field and laboratory conditions were studied during summer season in an Indian soil. Metolachlor was found to have moderate persistence with a half‐life of 27 days in field. The herbicide got leached down to 15–30 cm soil layer and residues were found up to harvest day of the sunflower crop in both 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil layers. Metolachlor was found to be more persistent in laboratory studies conducted for 190 days. The rate of degradation was faster in soil under flooded partial anaerobic conditions as compared to aerobic soil with a half‐life of 44.3 days. In aerobic soil, metolachlor was very stable with only 49% dissipation in 130 days. Residues remained in both the soils up to the end of the experimental period of 190 days.     

电除尘器比电阻软件测算研究与应用

为了进一步提高静电除尘器的收尘效率、降低能耗,对粉尘比电阻这一重要影响因素进行了研究。依据粉尘比电阻值定义,建立了收尘极板上粉尘层压降模型,提出了利用压降模型和伏安拟合特性曲线数学表征式来在线测算真实工况下粉尘层比电阻的实现方法。以480C型阳极板、RS芒刺阴极线极配形式进行了模拟验证实验,结果表明测算所得的比电阻数值与实际值相符。最后对现有电除尘控制系统中基于比电阻值的反馈控制方法做了简要介绍。     

高职院校市场营销专业工学结合典型案例研究

通过对中国环境管理干部学院市场营销专业与北京2688电子商务有限公司开展的校企合作项目典型案例进行分析,指出该项目通过将企业真实任务引入校园市场,构建了基于完整工作流程的市场营销专业实践教学体系,并且打通了校内实践教学、顶岗实习与就业的人才培养通道,真正意义上实现了“订单式”培养。     

基于新型絮凝剂和专用絮凝反应器的垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究

针对实验室所得垃圾渗滤液专用铁镁铝复合絮凝剂配方进行了批量扩大化生产,设计开发了中试专用絮凝反应设备,在垃圾填埋现场进行了絮凝中试实验。研究结果表明,最佳搅拌速度为170 r/min,最佳投药量为20%,COD去除率大于50%,BOD去除率大于30%,渗滤液可生化性由0.4提高到0.65,色度去除率约70%～80%,重金属去除率大于80%,优于同类常规市售絮凝剂聚铁、聚铝、聚铝铁;垃圾渗滤液处理专用絮凝反应器能满足设计开发要求,具有处理效果好、结构紧凑、多功能、自动化程度高、方便移动适于现场实验等特点;为适应渗滤液絮凝反应剧烈、产生大量泡沫、影响固液分离效果的特点,专用絮凝反应器固液分离部分的细部尺寸应进一步优化调整。