石家庄市土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素时空分布及其风险评估

由于喹诺酮类(QNs)药物在人类医学中的重要性,世界卫生组织将其列为“最重要的抗菌药物”.鉴于此,为阐明土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素时空分布特征及其风险,分别于2020年9月(秋季)和2021年6月(夏季)采集了18份表层土壤样品,并采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析测定了土壤样品中的QNs抗生素含量,明晰了QNs时空分布特征及其环境影响因子;并采用风险商值法(RQ)进行了QNs生态风险和抗性风险评估.结果表明：(1)由2020年9月(秋季)至2021年6月(夏季), QNs含量平均值呈现下降趋势[秋季和夏季ω(QNs)平均值分别为94.88μg·kg^-1和44.46μg·kg^-1];中部(S9～S15)土壤中QNs含量最高而其他区域较低;(2)土壤中粉粒平均占比并无显著变化,而黏粒和砂粒平均占比分别呈升高和下降趋势;总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)和硝氮(NO^-₃-N)含量平均值呈下降趋势;(3)相关分析结果表明,QNs含量与土壤粒径、亚硝...     

广东土地抗蚀潜势初步研究

利用计算机和地理信息系统软件．研究了广东省的土壤质地、土壤有机质、地势三个侵蚀因子对土壤侵蚀方面的影响，指出了广东土地抗蚀性极弱地区主要是湛江市、新丰县的小部分地区，而抗蚀性弱的区域则很大，约占全省土地面积的49．8％，遍布全省中部和南部．针对这样的现状，提出要减少抗蚀性弱和极弱地区的土壤侵蚀，必须做到：对土地的利用开垦进行统一规划；严禁乱伐森林；采取生物措施和工程措施相结合的方式防治土壤侵蚀的进一步变化．     

Combined application of conservative transport modelling and compound-specific carbon isotope analyses to assess in situ attenuation of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene

In recent years, compound specific isotope analyses (CSIA) have developed into one of the most powerful tools for the quantification of in situ biodegradation of organic contaminants. In this approach, the calculation of the extent of biodegradation of organic contaminants in aquifers is usually based on the Rayleigh equation, and thus neglects physical transport processes such as dispersion that contribute to contaminant dilution in aquifers. Here we combine compound specific isotope analyses with a conservative transport model to study the attenuation of aromatic hydrocarbons at a former gasworks site. The conservative transport model was first used to simulate concentration reductions caused by dilution at wells downgradient of a BTEX source. In a second step, the diluted concentrations, together with the available stable carbon isotope ratios and carbon fractionation factors for benzene, toluene and o-xylene were applied in the Rayleigh equation to quantify the degree of biodegradation at each of those wells. At the investigated site, where other attenuation processes such as sorption and volatilisation were proven to be negligible, the combined approach is recommended for benzene, which represents a compound for which the effect of biodegradation is comparable to or less than the effect of dilution. As demonstrated for toluene and o-xylene, the application of the Rayleigh equation alone is sufficient if dilution can be proved to be insignificant in comparison to biodegradation. The analysis also suggests that the source width and the position of the observation wells relative to the plume center line are significantly related to the degree of dilution.     

PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs in wild terrestrial mammals from Japan: congener specific accumulation and hepatic sequestration

The present study determined the contamination levels and congener-specific accumulation features of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) in wild terrestrial mammals such as large Japanese field mice (LJFM), lesser Japanese moles (LJMs), and raccoon dogs (RDs) collected from Kanto region in Japan during 2001. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels in the carcasses or adipose tissues were in the order of RDs > or = LJMs > LJFM. Comparison of DRC congener profiles in the three species and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a higher contribution of OCDD, T4CB77, and P5CB118 in LJMs. Analysis of liver-adipose distribution of DRC congeners in RDs showed that livers contained significantly higher TEQs than adipose tissues, indicating that liver is a depository organ and critical for determining the toxicokinetics of DRCs. As for most T4, P5, H6CDD/DFs and for P5CB126, H6CB169 and mono-ortho PCB congeners, their liver/adipose concentration ratios in RDs revealed a tendency to increase with hepatic TEQ levels, suggesting TEQ-dependent hepatic sequestration.     

振动加载下转换型密封电磁继电器的性能退化行为研究

目的研究航空用继电器的失效机理。方法通过对电磁继电器进行振动与工作载荷单独施加以及二者综合加载情况下的试验方法及性能退化行为研究,实时监测继电器内部触点间接触电阻等性能参数的变化趋势,并对不同条件下触点表面的微观形貌进行对比分析。结果发现相比较工作载荷单独施加而言,振动应力的加入使得继电器的寿命大幅度降低,并使得触点表面呈现"雪花"一般的形貌。结论振动环境导致了触点之间电弧的变化,以及触点表面接触压力、接触面积和接触超程等,并通过燃弧时间和超程时间的变化趋势对其进行了验证。     

液压支架薄煤层采煤工作面风流流动规律研究

分别对北宿煤矿以装备液压支架和单体支柱为主的14710和1667薄煤层采煤工作面风流场进行了现场测定研究,结果显示,装备液压支架后,工作面的风流流动规律发生了较大变化,百米风阻值及向采空区的漏风率均大幅度提高。     

基于时变失效的桥式起重机结构可靠性分析

为提高我国起重机产品的安全可靠性水平,用时变可靠性理论分析桥式起重机金属结构。以桥式起重机金属结构为研究对象,时变可靠性理论为基础,研究桥式起重机金属结构的载荷时变可靠性模型和抗力时变可靠性模型,建立桥式起重机金属结构失效状态的时变可靠性数学模型。通过工程算例分析,揭示金属结构抗力随时间衰减与否对可靠度与失效概率的影响,得到不同金属结构抗力衰减系数下桥式起重机主梁金属结构可靠度和失效概率。探索桥式起重机金属结构时变可靠性安全评估方法。对比金属结构抗力衰减系数分别为0.000 2和0.000 3时的分析结果,发现金属结构系统的可靠性随金属结构抗力衰减系数的增加而降低。     

环保多功能沥青除冰路面一体化设计研究

依托湖北杭瑞高速公路工程,为降低沿线行车通过居民区带来的噪音污染,解决冬季路面积雪薄冰带来的行车安全问题,以具有一定结构除冰性能的高连通孔隙沥青路面材料为基体,选用橡胶高黏度改性沥青,并掺入环保型化学抑冰剂,开发设计具有除冰、降噪、抗滑功能材料路面。以不牺牲路用性能为前提,通过测试动稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比、飞散损失、抗剪强度等,确定环保型化学抑冰剂的掺量。同时利用驻波管法、手工铺砂法及轮碾法测定空隙率分别为16%、20%、24%、28%的路面材料除冰性能、降噪性能和抗滑性能。测试结果表明,当环保型融雪除冰剂的掺量为2%,空隙率控制在20%左右时,高连通孔隙沥青材料的路面使用性能最佳,具有较好的除冰性能、降噪性能和抗滑性能。     

采煤工作面漏风通道参数研究与应用

采煤工作面漏风会导致采空区缓慢自燃氧化以及有毒有害气体涌入工作面,造成采空区自然发火及工作面工作人员中毒窒息的可能性.工作面不同进风风量下工作面漏风情况会不同.为了具体研究工作面不同进风风量下的漏风情况,测定了元堡煤矿1901工作面停采期间各漏风通道的漏风量,建立了工作面漏风通道网络模型;根据风网解算原理及风阻计算公式计算出各分支风阻及风量值;利用风网解算软件计算出不同风量下工作面漏风通道的风量值.结果发现:元堡煤矿1901工作面风量在500 - 1500m3/min范围内变化时各漏风通道风量占工作面总进风量的比重几乎不变;采空区两巷由于已经打好密闭,漏风较小;工作面中部由于老顶来压漏风量较大,是堵漏风重点.     

平煤八矿丁一风井通风阻力测定与结果分析

以平煤八矿丁一风井所服务的三个采区为例,系统地介绍了通风阻力测定方法、测定路线选择及测点布置。运用条件平差方法对测量数据进行处理,通过理论公式计算得到测定结果,然后对矿井通风系统进行分析。测定结果得出丁一风井通风系统的进风段、用风段和回风段阻力分布不平衡,部分区段通风阻力过大,通风总阻力超出了规定要求。结合丁一风井实际情况进行分析,找出了造成部分区段通风阻力过大的原因,并提出改进措施,为矿井通风安全管理提供了真实可靠的基础资料。