可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究,总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素,以优化产品的结构设计参数,降低产品在工程应用中的能耗,获取更好的经济效益。     

可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究，总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素，以优化产品的结构设计参数，降低产品在工程应用中的能耗，获取更好的经济效益。     

建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究

首先有针对性地对当前国内外建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究背景做了较系统分析,接着,通过有限元程序,对当前应用非常广泛的半刚接门式刚架建筑在火灾高温下的受力性能进行了整体结构非线性分析。计算结果表明：随着温度的升高,钢构件节点的刚度不断下降,当节点的刚度下降到不能约束与其连接的梁柱构件时,结构将发生突然坍塌性...     

相对两面受火的方钢管钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限

目前有关方钢管钢筋混凝土柱抗火性能的研究主要是针对四面均匀受火的情况,而在实际中,会出现相对两面受火这一情况。为此,利用ABAQUS分析软件建立了方钢管钢筋混凝土柱在相对两面受火作用下高温反应有限元模型,在验证模型正确性的基础上,对其耐火极限进行参数分析,包括荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、钢材和混凝土强度及配筋率等,得到了相对两面火灾作用下方钢管钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数和影响规律,并给出了该受火条件下方钢管钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的简化计算方法。研究结果表明:荷载比、截面边长、长细比是相对两面火灾作用下方钢管钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数,表现为截面边长越大,荷载比和长细比越小,构件的耐火极限越大。     

Structural-temporal organization of a rodent community in the Teletskaya Taiga,Altai Mountains

The structural-temporal organization of a murine rodent community in the taiga has been studied near Lake Teletskoe, Mountain Altai. The results show that the long-term dynamics of indices characterizing community diversity depend mainly on changes in the structure of dominance rather than on the population dynamics of species. The distribution of species in the factor space corresponds to their preference for certain biotopes, from dry to relatively moist. An analysis of relationships within the rodent community has revealed the synchronous dynamics of species abundance and antiphase pattern of changes in the structural indices of dominant species.     

基于环境DNA的长江中华鲟分布特征探究

中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）是我国长江流域的旗舰物种,在长江十年禁渔的大背景下,研究中华鲟无损化检测技术具有重要意义。环境DNA（eDNA）技术是一种环境友好型生物监测技术,可以在不直接观察或捕获生物体的情况下对物种进行检测。从文献中筛选出可以用于检测中华鲟eDNA的特异性引物,于2020年9月在长江中下游选取4个中华鲟常出现的区域,进行各断面立体式采样;提取16个点位的eDNA,使用筛选得到的引物对中华鲟进行eDNA的检测,以探究中华鲟的分布特征。结果显示,成功筛选到1组可以检测中华鲟eDNA的引物,使用该引物成功检测到包括中华鲟在内的长江4种鲟类的eDNA,共计测得约300万条鲟类序列。依据测序结果分析不同断面检测到的中华鲟eDNA的差异,发现宜昌江段断面的中华鲟eDNA最多,洞庭湖口断面最少,且表层和底层水体的中华鲟eDNA检出也有显著差异。筛选得到的引物可以用于中华鲟eDNA的检测,中华鲟eDNA的检测结果与中华鲟的历史调查和洄游特征较为吻合。不同水深条件中华鲟eDNA的检出量有显著差异,表明在今后的调查中采用混合或者立体采样可以更加全面地进行中华鲟eDNA的检测。

     

等离子喷涂耐高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展

利用等离子喷涂技术在工件表面制备抗高温氧化涂层,能显著提高工件的抗氧化性能。综述了目前国内外抗高温氧化涂层和热障涂层的研究现状。详细介绍了金属间化合物和MCrA lY两种耐高温抗氧化涂层的组织性能及其抗氧化原理。阐述了影响热障涂层性能的3种主要因素,分析了热障涂层由于热生长氧化层(TGO)的存在而引起的失效机制。指出了等离子喷涂制备耐高温抗氧化涂层存在的主要问题,并提出了几种解决思路,展望了等离子喷涂制备抗氧化涂层的应用前景。     

植物抗逆性研究进展

本文论述了逆境对植物各方面造成的伤害及植物产生的相应反应 ,重点对植物在生理生化上的变化、对抗性生理领域中的一些学说和最新研究结果作了介绍 ,并指出相生相克现象也可作为抗逆生理的一个方面加以研究 ,概念扩展后的抗逆生理学必将在农业、环保等方面得到更广泛的应用     

Long-term Hg pollution-induced structural shifts of bacterial community in the terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber) gut

In previous studies we detected lower species richness and lower Hg sensitivity of the bacteria present in egested guts of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) from chronically Hg polluted than from unpolluted environment. Basis for such results were further investigated by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of mercury-resistant (Hg^r) isolates and clone libraries. We observed up to 385 times higher numbers of Hg^r bacteria in guts of animals from polluted than from unpolluted environment. The majority of Hg^r strains contained merA genes. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones from egested guts of animals from Hg-polluted environments showed elevated number of bacteria from Pseudomonas, Listeria and Bacteroidetes relatives groups. In animals from pristine environment number of bacteria from Achromobacter relatives, Alcaligenes, Paracoccus, Ochrobactrum relatives, Rhizobium/Agrobacterium, Bacillus and Microbacterium groups were elevated. Such bacterial community shifts in guts of animals from Hg-polluted environment could significantly contribute to P. scaber Hg tolerance.     

Antibiotic resistant bacteria/genes dissemination in lacustrine sediments highly increased following cultural eutrophication of Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

This study investigates faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), of sediment profiles from different parts of Lake Geneva (Switzerland) over the last decades. MARs consist to expose culturable Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (ENT) to mixed five antibiotics including Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin. Culture-independent is performed to assess the distribution of ARGs responsible for, β-lactams (blaTEM; Amoxicillin/Ampicillin), Streptomycin/Spectinomycin (aadA), Tetracycline (tet) Chloramphenicol (cmlA) and Vancomycin (van). Bacterial cultures reveal that in the sediments deposited following eutrophication of Lake Geneva in the 1970s, the percentage of MARs to five antibiotics varied from 0.12% to 4.6% and 0.016% to 11.6% of total culturable EC and ENT, respectively. In these organic-rich bacteria-contaminated sediments, the blaTEM resistant of FIB varied from 22% to 48% and 16% to 37% for EC and ENT respectively, whereas the positive PCR assays responsible for tested ARGs were observed for EC, ENT, and total DNA from all samples. The aadA resistance gene was amplified for all the sediment samples, including those not influenced by WWTP effluent water. Our results demonstrate that bacteria MARs and ARGs highly increased in the sediments contaminated with WWTP effluent following the cultural eutrophication of Lake Geneva. Hence, the human-induced changing limnological conditions highly enhanced the sediment microbial activity, and therein the spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in this aquatic environment used to supply drinking water in a highly populated area. Furthermore, the presence of the antibiotic resistance gene aadA in all the studied samples points out a regional dissemination of this emerging contaminant in freshwater sediments since at least the late nineteenth century.