利巴韦林对4种作物种子发芽的影响

利巴韦林作为一种强效抗病毒药物在畜禽养殖业中应用广泛,有着较高的生态环境风险。采用室内培养箱培养的方法,研究了利巴韦林对4种作物(小麦、白菜、萝卜和番茄)的种子发芽、根伸长和芽伸长的影响。结果表明,利巴韦林对4种作物的种子发芽率影响不大,但其浓度与4种作物的根伸长及芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),作物的根伸长比芽伸长对利巴韦林的胁迫更敏感。土壤中利巴韦林浓度与4种作物根伸长抑制率之间呈现正相关关系。根伸长的抑制率达到10%所对应的利巴韦林浓度(IC10)分别为:IC10(白菜)=4.25mg·kg-1,IC10(番茄)=29.7mg·kg-1,IC10(萝卜)=33.2mg·kg-1,IC10(小麦)=49.4mg·kg-1。可以看出,4种作物对土壤中利巴韦林胁迫的敏感性依次是:白菜>番茄>萝卜>小麦。从利巴韦林对4种作物的根伸长和芽伸长抑制率综合来看,小麦对利巴韦林的耐受性最强,而白菜对利巴韦林最敏感。     

木质素磺酸盐基生物质固沙材料的部分生物效应

将制浆造纸废液中的木质素磺酸盐经过化学改性制备成生物质固沙材料BSSM-LS,可达到治理污染,有效利用资源和防风固沙、抑尘等多重效果,但在应用过程中,为避免对生态环境造成危害,必须关注其环境生物效应。文章首先选择具有代表性的小白菜和高羊茅草进行了种子萌发的试验,结果表明,BSSM-LS对植物生长无有害影响,反而由于补充了氮,对种子的萌发起到了良好促进作用。随后进行的BSSM-LS与白腐菌及其酶相互作用的研究表明,BSSM-LS对裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune无有害影响,对漆酶无抑制作用。在自然条件下,BSSM-LS生物降解仍需要较长时间,接种白腐菌后可加速其降解过程;在漆酶作用下BSSM-LS可发生一定程度降解,表现为分子量减少,磺酸基含量下降,共轭羰基和醌型结构增加,有利于BSSM-LS的腐殖化进程。     

不同处理方法对几种牧草种子发芽率的影响

主要对白三叶、紫花苜蓿、苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草这4种野生牧草种子进行发芽试验,通过温度、NaCl溶液、KNO3溶液、浓H2SO4溶液、H2O2溶液等不同方法对这4种草种进行处理,对提高野生牧草种子的发芽方法进行探讨。结果表明,不同处理方法对发芽率的影响均达到显著水平。     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.     

Purification of starch and phosphorus wastewater using core-shell magnetic seeds prepared by sulfated roasting

Core-shell magnetic seeds with certain adsorption capacity that were prepared by sulfated roasting, served as the core of a magnetic separation technology for purification of starch wastewater. XRD and SEM results indicate that magnetite's surface transformed to be porous α-Fe_2O_3 structure. Compared with magnetite particles, the specific surface area was significantly improved to be 8.361 from 2.591 m~2/g, with little decrease in specific susceptibility. Zeta potential, FT-IR and XPS experiments indicate that both phosphate and starch adsorbed on the surface of the core-shell magnetic seeds by chemical adsorption, which fits well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The porous surface structure of magnetic seeds significantly contributes to the adsorption of phosphate and starch species, which can be efficiently removed to be 1.51 mg/L(phosphate) and 9.51 mg/L(starch) using magnetic separation.     

Bioavailability to rats of 14C‐lindane residues in stored potato tubers

Abstract

Potato tubers were applied with radiolabelled lindane (U‐¹⁴C γ‐ 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexachlorocyclohexane) at three dose levels 30, 150, and 300 ppm and stored for 30, 60 and 90 days at room temperature. The data revealed that lindane penetrated into the pulp tissues through the epidermal layer. The amounts recovered in the peel were found to increase with a greater storage period up to 60 days followed by a drop at 90 days. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in radioactivity in the pulp tissue from 30 to 60 days followed by significant increase after 90 days. The incorporation of the compound in the tubers was dose independent. Methanol extraction showed binding of about 8.1% and 5.8% ofthe applied dose in peel and pulp tissues, respectively. The insecticide was found to be bioavailable when rats health hazard. It is therefore, desirable to demonstrate that the quantity of the terminal residues may be safe for the consumer. In the present investigation an attempt was made to determine the fate and bioavailability of lindane when applied to stored potato tubers.     

Getting of the seeds-and-tools treadmill with CRS seed vouchers and fairs

The free distribution of seeds and tools is the standard approach to agricultural recovery. The predominance of this approach is partly attributable to the: (1) perception that farmer seed quality is poor, (2) insistence on seed certification, (3) promotion of researcher varieties, (4) misdiagnosis of unavailability, (5) difficulty accessing farmer seed, and (6) support for the commercial seed sector. This paper presents a Seed Security Assessment Framework to distinguish among the causes of seed insecurity and focuses on three principal concepts: seed availability; access to seed; and factors associated with seed utilisation. Using this diagnostic framework, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) has developed a better approach to promoting seed system-based agricultural recovery. It involves a combination of seed voucher distribution and the organization of seed fairs, which bring together a range of sellers from whom the holders of vouchers may purchase seed. This approach is advantageous because it: strengthens farmer seed procurement systems; is cost efficient; in economic terms, has a multiplier effect in the community; is straightforward to plan and implement; allows commercial sector participation; provides an opportunity to promote improved varieties for farmer evaluation; brings together different communities.     

用毛细管色谱法和同位素技术研究呋喃丹及其有毒代谢物在棉籽和土壤中的残留

使用OV-101玻璃毛细管柱气相色谱法测定棉籽和土壤中的呋哺丹和3-羟基呋喃丹,减少了农药在柱上的吸附和分解,分开了农药与植物中的干扰物质,减少了样本的前处理步骤,其回收率分别约为80％,变异系数小于20％。以~(14)C标记呋喃丹测定各前处理步骤的损失率,表明农药的损失主要是由于酸解及固体物质的吸附。两年三地田间试验的结果说明,按照推荐药量在棉田使用呋喃丹,棉田和土壤中的残留均低于检测限。     

麻疯树籽壳生物质炭的制备及其吸附水中PAHs性能研究

麻疯树籽壳经磷酸处理,在300~700℃下炭化处理50min,制备了麻疯树籽壳生物质炭.以萘、蒽、菲、芘4种多环芳烃(PAHs)为目标物,考察了吸附剂投加量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对麻疯树籽壳生物质炭吸附性能的影响,探讨了麻疯树籽壳生物质炭对4种PAHs的吸附效果及机理.结果表明,随炭化温度升高,生物质炭的比表面积逐渐增大;在25℃、生物质炭投加量为0.15g、吸附时间为60min的条件下,萘、蒽、芘和菲的去除率分别为97.4%、94.6%、93.1%和92.1%.麻疯树籽壳生物质炭对4种PAHs的吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线服从Langmuir方程,萘、蒽、芘和菲的饱和吸附量分别为8.849、8.547、8.097和7.633mg/g.