Nafion修饰电极计时电位溶出法测定水中硝基苯的研究

以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰电极时电位溶出法测定水中硝基苯。讨论了测定条件及富集和电极反应机理。方法的线性范围为２．０－３１μｍｏｌ／ｌ。最低检出浓度为０．９８μｍｏｌ／ｌ；８次平行测定的相对标准偏差为３．４％：回收率为９４．８％－９５．８％。     

原油储罐硫化氢脱除实验及应用

采用循环气提法脱除原油储罐中的硫化氢以达到降低储罐内硫化氢浓度的目的。某联合站卸油台零位罐的实验结果表明:经过7h的实验,零位罐观察口硫化氢浓度可由484mg/m3降低至9mg/m3。文章主要介绍了循环气提法在轮三联合站卸油台零位罐的实验过程、除硫剂的筛选及在某联合站原油储罐的应用情况。实践证明该方法能够有效降低储罐内硫化氢浓度。     

The Effects of Gas Flow Rate and the Interval Time of Water Supplement on Ethanol Production of Rice Straw by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

In the present work, characteristics of ethanol production from a single particle composing of pretreated rice straw, cellulase, and β-glucosidase were invesitgated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The experiment experienced a start-up stage for S. cerevisiae biofilm formation, which was operated at an initial pH value of 4.8 for yeast solution, culture temperature of 30°C, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for yeast solution, and stably operating stage for ethanol production at a culture temperature of 30°C. Investigations found that the maximal ethanol yield of 9.7 mg/g and the biofilm thickness of 0.37 mm were obtained at 30 mL/min of carrier gas flow rate. Also, the optimal interval time of water supplement was 4 h for SSF. The results show that the appropriate gas flow rate and the interval time of water supplement can keep the high activities of biofilm and enzymes during SSF and result in a high ethanol yield.     

钛白废酸回收技术研究

通过臭氧氧化技术将钛白废酸中的Fe^2＋氧化成F^3＋，再用萃取法除去Fe^3＋。考察了络合剂（盐酸）浓度、萃取剂、萃取相比和多级错流萃取级数等对Fe^3＋萃取率的影响，初步探索了反萃法回收萃取剂及萃取剂的循环利用。结果表明，当盐酸浓度为3．4-4．0mol／L时，几乎可完全络合溶液中的Fe^3＋，Fe^3＋的萃取率随相比（O／W）的增加而增大，萃取级数愈多萃取效果愈好。O／W=1：1的单级萃取与总相比O／W=0．5：1的四级错流萃取率接近。当反萃相比（V／O）=1．5：1时，Fe^3＋的反革率达97％，萃取剂经过6次萃取一反萃循环后．Fe^3＋的萃取率没有明显下降。去除Fe增的钛白废酸，经蒸馏浓缩到70％左右，再与浓硫酸混合后可用于钛白粉的生产，蒸馏过程中得到的盐酸循环使用，反萃出来的Fe^3＋可作为生产铁红的原料。     

碱性蚀刻废液的再生回用与铜回收技术

介绍了一种革取技术,可在生产过程中处理印制线路板生产的碱性蚀刻废液,使之脱铜后再生,实现碱性蚀刻废液的循环使用;运用反革取技术使苹取剂复活循环使用;反革取提取到的硫酸铜经电解为电解铜,电解液可循环使用。     

Evaluation of groundwater flow patterns around a dual-screened groundwater circulation well

Dual-screened groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) can be used to remove contaminant mass and to mix reagents in situ. GCWs are so named because they force water in a circular pattern between injection and extraction screens. The radial extent, flux and direction of the effective flow of this circulation cell are difficult to measure or predict. The objective of this study is to develop a robust protocol for assessing GCW performance. To accomplish this, groundwater flow patterns surrounding a GCW are assessed using a suite of tools and data, including: hydraulic head, in situ flow velocity, measured hydraulic conductivity data from core samples, chemical tracer tests, contaminant distribution data, and numerical flow and transport models. The hydraulic head data show patterns that are consistent with pumping on a dual-screened well, however, many of the observed changes are smaller than expected. In situ thermal perturbation flow sensors successfully measured horizontal flow, but vertical flow could not be determined with sufficient accuracy to be useful in mapping flow patterns. Two types of chemical tracer tests were utilized at the site and showed that much of the flow occurs within a few meters of the GCW. Flow patterns were also assessed based on changes in contaminant (trichloroethylene, TCE) concentrations over time. The TCE data clearly showed treated water moving away from the GCW at shallow and intermediate depths, but the circulation of that water back to the well, except very close to the well, was less clear. Detailed vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivities were measured on 0.3 m-long sections from a continuous core from the GCW installation borehole. The measured vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity data were used to construct numerical flow and transport models, the results of which were compared to the head, velocity and concentration data. Taken together, the field data and modeling present a fairly consistent picture of flow and transport around the GCW. However, the time and expense associated with conducting all of those tests would be prohibitive for most sites. As a consequence, a sequential protocol for GCW characterization is presented here in which the number of tools used can be adjusted to meet the needs of individual sites. While not perfect, we believe that this approach represents the most efficient means for evaluating GCW performance.     

超声吹脱-次氯酸钠氧化工艺处理酮连氮法制肼废水

采用超声吹脱-次氯酸钠氧化工艺处理酮连氮法制肼废水,优化了工艺条件,并进行了尾水处理与盐分回收。实验结果表明:在超声声能密度0.08 W/mL、吹脱气量2 000 L/h、次氯酸钠溶液(有效氯10%)投加量15mL/L、反应时间20 min的最优条件下,COD、氨氮和肼类物质去除率分别达到96.97%、99.02%和96.60%,处理成本约为30元/t(以废水计);尾水经蒸馏处理后可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级B标准,回收NaCl纯度为98.92%,达到GB/T 5462—2015《工业盐》的精制工业盐一级标准。     

尿液中不同价态硒的吸附溶出伏安法测定

本文研究了在二溴代苤硒脑生成条件下Se(-Ⅱ、0)、Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)等不同价态硒的稳定性及其转化条件,确定了用二溴代苤硒脑体系的吸附溶出伏安法测定尿液中不同价态硒的方法.结果表明,在1.5mol/L HCl介质中,Se(Ⅳ)与二溴代邻苯二胺定量生成苤硒脑,可用吸附溶出伏安法直接测定Se(Ⅳ).HNO_3-HClO_4消化样品时,Se(-Ⅱ、0)定量转化为Se(Ⅳ),此时Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)价态稳定.而HNO_3-HClO_4消化样品后用3mol/L HCl将Se(Ⅵ)还原为Se(Ⅳ)后可测得总硒.故利用不同的样品处理方法所得结果差减后,测定Se(-Ⅱ、0)、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)含量.本文方法用于尿液样品分析,尿液中硒的主要价态为以Se(-Ⅱ)形式存在的有机硒,无机态Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)的含量甚微.     

吹脱法预处理焦化废水中氨氮的条件试验与工程应用

针对焦化废水中氨氮对后续生物处理严重冲击的问题,利用实际废水作为研究对象,在试验规模的反应器中研究了废水温度、气液比、吹脱时间和pH值等参数对氨氮吹脱去除率的影响。利用所建立的优化操作条件在70m3/h规模的实际焦化废水处理工程实践中,对氨氮的处理效率稳定在68%~85%。对后续生物处理过程基本不构成影响。     

由微振动记录用剥层法研究浅层S波速度结构

根据江苏华电句容发电一期2×1000 MW发电机组场地情况,布设了三角形嵌套和同心圆台阵进行微振动观测,采用空间自相关法计算频散曲线,并用剥层法反演得到该工程场地浅部的S波速度结构。反演结果与钻孔探测结果吻合较好,表明用微振动台阵记录反演浅部地壳S波速度结构在工程上是可行的。该方法具有不需要人工源,对避开噪声要求不苛刻、成本低且精度可满足工程要求等优点,故有良好的应用前景。