Fe~0催化还原转化水中CCl_4的实验研究

通过在Fe0表面化学沉积Cu、Ag、Pd、Ni构建了Cu/Fe、Ag/Fe、Pd,Fe、Ni/Fe多种双金属催化还原体系.通过序批实验研究了水体中毒性污染物CCl在Fe0以及上述双金属催化Fe0体系中的还原脱氯.结果表明,CCl4在上述5种Fe0还原体系中都能发生快速还原脱氯反应,Cu、Ag、Pd等催化剂的加入能明显提高反应速率.还原脱氯反应服从准一级反应动力学方程,CCl4水溶液在Fe0、Cu/Fe、Ag/Fe、Pd/Fe、Ni/Fe 5种还原体系中的反应速率常数分别为0.039 3、0.092 5、0.158、0.049 6和0.053 3 min-1.使用GC/MS分析了CCl4在各种还原体系中的还原脱氯产物,探讨了水体中CCl4还原脱氯降解的反应途径和可能中间产物.CCL4在不同反应体系中不但反应速率不同而且降解产物也不相同,在Cu/Fe、Ag/Fe体系产物以三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷为主,而在Pd/Fe体系主要为甲烷.逐步氢解是CCl4在Fe0还原体系中发生还原脱氯反应的最主要途径.     

典型场地四氯化碳污染的健康风险评价

以华北某污染场地为研究区域,采集了场地内大气、土壤、地表水和地下水4个类别共196个样品.分析了25项挥发性有机物在不同区域的分布特征,探讨了超标污染物的污染来源,最后,应用美国环保局的健康风险评价方法,对场地超标污染物进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,场地超标污染物仅为四氯化碳;主要赋存于地下水中,其污染晕的平面分布与地...     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法的研究

重点介绍了以四氯化碳为萃取剂,利用超声波清洗仪萃取土壤中的油类物质,红外分光光度法测定土壤中的矿物油含量的方法。实验表明此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数可达0．9999。方法检出限为0．50mg／kg。平行样品间分析、试剂空白加标与基体加标回收率均能满足样品分析对精密度和准确度的要求。     

地层对四氯化碳迁移影响的实验研究

四氯化碳（CT）在地下水中是一种持久性的有机污染物（POPs）,工业污水和残留在土壤中的CT一旦进入地下含水层,会长期影响人类的用水安全。了解土壤对CT的去除效能,以及CT在地层中的迁移规律,可以为地下水污染的风险评估和修复治理提供依据。为了研究CT在不同岩性地层中的运移规律,通过批量振荡平衡实验,对CT在地层中的吸附...     

四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究

本文介绍了四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究过程,通过时分析方法中,标准试剂的选择,萃取剂的选择,碘化钾（K1）用量的选择,及稳定性实验,消除干扰实验,环境温度实验,方法准确度及精密度实验,表明此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in thermally activated persulfate system in the presence of formic acid

The thermally activated persulfate (PS) degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the presence of formic acid (FA) was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO ₂ ^– · was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^– had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^– displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^–1HCO ₃ ^– promoted CT degradation, while 100 mmol·L^–1NO ₃ ^– inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO ₄ ^2– promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl–concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remediation for CT contaminated site.     

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatics by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension was investigated in a closed system. Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was used as a representative target of perchlorinated alkanes and trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as one of highly chlorinated alkenes. Degradation of CT in Fenton reaction was significantly enhanced by pyrite used as an iron source instead of soluble Fe. Pyrite Fenton showed 93% of CT removal in 140 min, while Fenton reaction with soluble Fe(II) showed 52% and that with Fe(III) 15%. Addition of 2-propanol to the pyrite Fenton system significantly inhibited degradation of TCE (99% to 44% of TCE removal), while degradation of CT was slightly improved by the 2-propanol addition (80-91% of CT removal). The result suggests that, unlike oxidative degradation of TCE by hydroxyl radical in pyrite Fenton system, an oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is not a main degradation mechanism for the degradation of CT in pyrite Fenton system but a reductive dechlorination by superoxide can rather be the one for the CT degradation. The degradation kinetics of CT in the pyrite Fenton system was decelerated (0.13-0.03 min⁻¹), as initial suspension pH decreased from 3 to 2. The formation of superoxide during the CT degradation in the pyrite Fenton system was observed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The formation at initial pH 3 was greater than that at initial pH 2, which supported that superoxide was a main reductant for degradation of CT in the pyrite Fenton system.     

零价铁对水中四氯化碳还原脱氯研究

文章研究了Fe0的纯度、粒径和投加量以及酸洗预处理对水溶液中四氯化碳的还原性脱氯作用的影响,并对其脱氯的主要产物——氯仿进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)Fe0纯度越高,粒径越小,四氯化碳的去除效果越好;(2)在实验范围内,Fe0投加量越大,四氯化碳的去除效率越高;(3)酸洗后,四氯化碳的去除效果明显的提高;(4)Fe0纯度、粒径和投加量以及酸洗处理对四氯化碳的还原产物氯仿亦具有一定的影响,四氯化碳的去除与氯仿的产生之间存在着一定的对应关系。     

四氯化碳浓度对其自身厌氧生物降解的影响

研究饱和(含APL与DNAPL两相)与非饱和(只含APL一相)四氯化碳污染中,初始浓度对其自身生物降解的影响及其对微生物的影响。富集培养的高效降解菌是从污染源区土壤钻孔中筛选到的。研究表明,在实验浓度(v/v)范围内,随初始浓度升高,四氯化碳降解效率降低,对微生物的抑制作用增加。>0.1%～0.2%的四氯化碳(APL与DNAPL两相)对微生物生长有明显的抑制延滞作用。该降解菌群对<0.005(%APL)的四氯化碳污染降解效率很高;经驯化后,能降解初始浓度更高的四氯化碳污染。在降解产物中检测到氯仿,分离纯化的降解菌初步鉴定为链状杆菌、革兰氏阳性。     

真空采血管顶空气相色谱法检测水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳

采用真空采血管顶空填充柱气相色谱法测定水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳,结果表明,三氯甲烷在10.0～50.0μg/L,四氯化碳在0.5～4.0μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,其r值分别为0.9994和0.9998;三氯甲烷和四氯化碳RSD分别在1.64%~2.27%和1.45%~2.40%之间;加标回收率分别在97.0%~103.5%和94.0%~103.2%之间。该方法操作简单,具有较好的灵敏度和准确度,适用于水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的检测。