Advancing voluntary chemical governance? The case of the Swedish textile industry dialogue

Voluntary environmental governance is a widely used policy approach that has been criticized for its lack of effectiveness. This raises fundamental questions about how to design processes that can advance voluntary programmes in a way that makes them more successful. In this paper, we analyse a government-initiated dialogue process to phase out hazardous chemicals through voluntary action by the Swedish textile industry. The analysis shows that information transfer primarily motivated business participation, while consumer pressure, regulatory threats and traditions of government–business cooperation played minor roles. The institutional design of the dialogue ensured close interaction within a homogeneous group, but collective actions were limited by disagreement about the problems to be addressed, prior unilateral environmental commitments by leading companies, and ambivalent engagement. This case provides valuable insights into the effect of institutional design on the actual interplay between business and government and its effects on voluntary governance.     

不同组成木质陶瓷对去除城市生活污水二级出水中有机物及氮磷的研究

以小麦秸秆、凹凸棒石、针铁矿为原料,以酚醛树脂为黏结剂,通过复合、热压、烧结等工艺过程制备出不同成分的木质陶瓷,并利用该系列木质陶瓷对城市二级出水中的有机物及氮磷进行吸附实验研究。结果表明,900℃下的木质陶瓷[m(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶1∶1]COD及NH_3-N的吸附效果最佳,2 h可达吸附平衡,投加量为8 g/L时COD去除率达66.48%,投加量为6 g/L时氨氮去除率为69.72%,且酸性条件不利于COD的吸附,NH_3-N的最佳吸附p H范围是2~11。800℃下的木质陶瓷[(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶2∶0]P的吸附效果最佳,15 min可达吸附平衡,投加量为6 g/L时总P去除率可达99.69%,p H值、转速、温度对吸附磷影响不大。     

印染污泥混燃特性及其燃烧动力学模型

采集了广东某印染污泥(YR)、造纸污泥(ZZ)及两种市政污水污泥(LJ、KFQ),利用热重法对不同来源污泥的单一及混合样在不同焚烧条件下进行了热重实验研究,并通过TG-DTG曲线计算了各试样的综合燃烧特性指数,获得了其燃烧动力学参数.结果表明,各单一试样的燃烧主要分为水分析出、挥发分析出、固定碳燃烧和残留物的燃烧和分解4个燃烧阶段,其中挥发分的析出制约着YR、KFQ、LJ污泥的整个燃烧过程,而ZZ污泥还受到固定碳燃烧阶段的显著影响.当向印染污泥中加入50%的KFQ市政污泥后,YR污泥的综合燃烧特性指数和可燃性指数分别提高了将近2倍和1.6倍.富氧(CO2/O2)燃烧可以提高印染污泥的后期燃烧强度,降低印染污泥燃烧阶段活化能,促进印染污泥的综合燃烧性能.采用积分法(Coats-Redfern方程)计算得到各燃烧阶段反应的机理方程及相应的活化能参数,发现第一挥发分峰前取反应级数n=0.5、峰后n=2,可描述各自阶段的燃烧反应机理,而第二挥发分峰没有显著规律.     

A review of textile industry: Wet processing,environmental impacts,and effluent treatment methods

The word “textile” means to weave and was taken from the Latin word “texere.” Nowadays, textiles not only fulfill humankind's basic necessity for clothing, they also allow individuals to make fashion statements. As one of the oldest industries, the textile industry occupies a unique place in India. It is responsible for 14% of the total industrial manufacture in India. However, the textile industry is also considered to be one of the biggest threats to the environment. Pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations are among the various stages of the industrial textile manufacturing process. These fabrication operations not only utilize huge quantities of power and water, they also generate considerable amounts of waste. The textile industry utilizes a number of dyes, chemicals, and other materials to impart the required qualities to the fabrics. These operations produce a significant amount of effluents. The quality of effluents is such that they cannot be put to other uses, and they can create environmental problems if they are disposed of without appropriate treatment. This review discusses different textile processing stages, pollution problems associated with these stages, and their eco‐friendly alternatives. Textile wet processing is described in detail, as it is the key process in the industry and it also generates the greatest amount of pollutants in textile processing. The environmental impact of textile effluents is discussed, as textile effluents not only impose negative effects on the quality of water and soil, they also imperil plant and animal health. In this paper, various methods for treating textile effluents are described. Discussion of physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment technologies of effluent treatment are included in this paper.     

超滤法处理回用印钞厂擦版液的研究

根据擦版液的特性,选择了适合处理擦版液的单皮层内压式中空纤维超滤膜,对超滤过程中的操作压力、料液温度、料液流速和固含量等工艺参数以及清洗药品和方法进行了研究。结果表明,当进口压力为0.17MPa,膜面流速在2,7m/s左右,循环液温度在40℃左右时,透水速度可达到50—60L(m.h)。操作过程中,只用透过液作简单清洗即可使透水速度得到较好的恢复。只有当透水速度衰减严重时,才在70℃条件下进行化学清洗,而且可以使透水速度得到较为彻底的恢复。化学清洗周期至少在1星期以上。     

低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响研究

研究了低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响规律。结果表明,硬硅钙石二次粒子可保证厌氧初期细菌所需的碱度,提高系统的耐缓冲能力,有利于维持系统正常的挥发性脂肪酸浓度,促进高浓度颗粒化污泥的形成,提高处理效率。     

绍兴市柯桥区工业园区挥发性有机物污染特征研究

为更好地管控和治理绍兴市柯桥区工业园区的挥发性有机物(VOCs),利用柯桥区现有的两工业园区VOCs监测站点(园区1站、园区2站)2019年3月至2020年2月的监测数据分析柯桥区工业园区VOCs污染特征并进行溯源.结果表明:园区1站每月VOCs质量浓度平均值为125μg/m3,园区2站为137μg/m3,都呈现出3月...     

络合萃取法处理工业含酚废水

设计了高效ＱＨ型络合萃取脱酚溶剂,建立了工业含酚废水络合萃取工艺,进行了不同种类含酚废水的络合萃取平衡和错流萃取的实验。结果表明,利用ＱＨ混合型络合萃取剂,通过２－３级错流接触（油水比为１：１）,废水残液中的酚类浓度小于０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,可以达到国家规定的排放标准。初步研究表明,该法对废水中ＣＯＤ亦有较好的去除效果。     

固定床电化学反应器处理含铜废水研究

砩用一维反应器模型设计的固定床电化学反应器,对模拟含铜离子废水的处理进行了研究。实验表明,该反应器可用于处理含低铜离子废水,处理后既可回收有用Ｃｕ,又可使废水达到国家排放标准（≤１０＾－６）。讨论了Ｃｕ＾２＋的进口浓度、操作温度、操作电压、流体流速、处理注入电导率及反应器填充材料对处理过程的影响。依据实验室的操作对该处理过程进行了初步经济估价。     

Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent

UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H₂O₂, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe²⁺-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H₂O₂ concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min⁻¹, a UV_254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H₂O₂ oxidant and Fe²⁺-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time.