臭氧氧化对城市二级处理水中溶解性有机物特性的影响及反应动力学分析

通过试验研究了臭氧氧化对城市二级处理水中有机物特性的影响。结果表明,适当的条件下臭氧氧化可提高水的可生化性,不同接触时间水中有机物的分子量分布特征不同;臭氧对水中有机物的氧化过程分为3个阶段,均属于一级反应,并得出了相应的动力学方程。利用上述结果,选择适当的控制条件,为臭氧预氧化与不同型式膜组合实现城市污水的高效低耗的再生利用提供一定的理论依据。     

Reduction of Methane Released from Palm Oil Mill Lagoon in Malaysia and Its Countermeasures

Palm oil industry in Malaysia is one of the potential candidates for the CDM project because large amount of methane is emitted from the lagoons and open digesting tank of the wastewater treatment system. Therefore the first objective of the project is to investigate the actual GHG emission from the lagoons and open digesting tank in palm oil mills in order to establish the baseline for CDM project. Results indicated that methane contribution to biogas released from the open digesting tank and lagoon systems were 35% and 45%, respectively. These values are much lower than the reported value of 65% obtained by complete anaerobic condition of lab-scale experiments. Based on actual methane release measurement and information gathered from palm oil mill about wastewater treatment, significant amount of methane emission to the atmosphere can be reduced with the installation of new closed digesting tank system converted from the open digesting tank such as just by covering it with applying CDM. It is estimated that a total of RM2.6 million could be obtained from the selling of electricity generated from biogas generation and Certified Emission Reduction(CER). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

原生、再生有色金属利用程度的比较研究

以1953—2005年期间我国10种有色金属产量的统计数据为基础,以原生、再生有色金属资源对形成有色金属产量各自所做贡献为依据,对原生、再生资源被利用程度进行比较研究,试图从重原生轻再生的原料结构比例失衡中给人以醒悟,从而提升对再生金属在战略资源中地位的认识。从循环经济的实质出发,提出了循环经济有可能成为再生金属资源产业发展的内在动力。     

折点加氯法脱氨氮后余氯的脱除

焦化废水是指用煤制焦炭、煤气净化和焦化产品回收等焦化过程中煤中的吸附水及热反应的生成水冷凝后生成的。废水中含有高浓度的酚、氰、氨氮和多种有机化合物。A／O法处理焦化废水,脱氮效率受湿度等因素影响,变化较大,采用折点加氯法对水中氨氮进一步脱除,可使氨氮浓度降至10mg／L。本文在实验室条件下,根据已获得的氯投加量、pH值、搅拌及反应停留时间等最佳反应条件的基础上,探讨折点加氯法的处理效果,以及最佳的废水处理浓度,并寻求活性炭、焦炭脱除余氯的最佳条件,最终提出适合北方地区焦化废水的系统脱氮方案。     

Plant volatiles are behavioral cues for adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus

Summary. The purpose of this study was to identify plant volatiles that provide host location cues for adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Larvae of this species inhabit flowering stems of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum L. (Asteraceae). Adult females responded to volatile compounds emitted by stems of S. laciniatum in field olfactometer bioassays. Plant volatiles were monoterpenes, including, in descending order of abundance, racemic - and -pinene (~50% + enantiomer for both), (+)-limonene, (–)-camphene, and -myrcene. In laboratory bioassays, females responded to aeration extracts of plant stems, the full blend of synthetic monoterpenes, and the four-component blend of -pinene, -pinene, (+)-limonene, and (–)-camphene. This monoterpene blend apparently serves as an olfactory cue for host plant location for female A. rufus and is the first such cue to be reported for a cynipid gall wasp. Species-specific ratios of plant monoterpenes may provide cues for gall wasp females to distinguish between plant species and choose appropriate hosts for oviposition. The olfactometer and bioassay techniques developed for this research may be useful for field bioassays of other types of minute arthropods.     

污水土壤含水层处理系统原理、管理、效率和应用

论述了污水土壤含水层处理系统中的地球化学过程。该系统通过对污染物的机械过滤、生物化学转化和降解过程、吸附／解吸过程、氧化／还原过程、沉淀／溶解过程、以及矿物的合成过程净化污水。运作周期通常为1～2d灌水／4—5d排干，年水力负荷变化于15—100m之间，应根据季节变化调整水力负荷。该系统能有效去除污水中的微生物和悬浮物，降低COD和BOD含量，和去除潜在的有毒的无机成分，如重金属和含氧阴离子。作为一种低投资、低能耗、高净化效率、运行简单的自然的污水处理技术，其在世界各国得到了广泛应用。我国部分地区水资源极其短缺，在土壤和气候条件适合的地区，应用土壤含水层处理技术处理污水，实现污水资源化，既解决了污水污染环境问题，又将在一定程度上缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题，对于经济与环境的协调发展具有重要意义。     

纺织品隔声性能的测试研究

本文提出了纺织品隔声性能的测试方法和评价指标,探讨了织物结构参数对隔声性能的影响。织物平方米重对声波衰减率的影响大于覆盖系数和厚度。织物对声波的衰减作用具有频率选择性。     

济南地下水资源系统多目标管理模型及模糊带权方法

根据济南地下水资源系统管理研究,建立了济南地下水资源系统多目标管理模型;利用模糊数学理论,提出一种模糊带权方法,它能同时解决互为矛盾、互为竞争的各目标之间的不可比性和主次性问题。实际计算表明,本文建立的多目标管理模型和提出的方法是合理的和有效的。     

生物综合技术在毛纺织工业废水处理中的应用

在毛纺织工业废水生化处理生产调试中 ,采用直接投放高效特异微生物菌种并辅之以良性生态食物链为主体的生物絮凝剂 ,可以提高污水处理效果 ,缩短生产调试周期 ,使出水各项指标完全达到国家规定的排放标准     

过滤—厌氧—好氧工艺处理酒精废水

介绍了酒精废水的高效低耗处理工艺，即首先用转鼓滤机去除60％左右的悬浮物并回收作粗饲料；其次，借助原水高温特点，用完全混合式高温厌氧池使废水充分消化；再次，用沉淀池和气浮池实现废水和厌氧污泥的完全分离，使废水的COD降解了92％－94％；最后为好氧处理工段，整个工艺对COD和SS的去除率分别高达99％和99．8％，不仅处理率高，而且能耗很低，还可以回收粗饲料和沼气能源。