用独立分量分析方法实现地震转换波与多次反射波分离

独立分量分析(ICA)是新兴的一种统计学方法。其目的是寻求对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,使得各个基分量在统计学意义上独立,或者尽最大可能独立。这种表示意在获取数据的基本结构,可有效实现特征提取和信号分离。本文概述ICA的基本理论和快速算法,并在分析地震记录特点的基础上,阐明采用ICA方法可以实现对沉积地区远震记录中转换波和多次反射波的分离。研究结果表明,ICA方法可有效地分离地震转换波和多次反射波,并由此获得较为合理的地下间断面初步解释结果,从而有利于扩展接收函数技术的应用。     

灭火介质作用下火焰温度波动的时频分布

利用时频分析方法对在灭火介质作用下的火焰温度波动进行了分析。获得了火焰点燃到被扑灭整个过程的时频分布谱图，由此得到温度波动频率随时间的变化情况。这种频率变化从一个方面反映了火焰的稳定性的变化。     

基于DSP的PPT试验样机点火安全控制系统设计

脉冲等离子体推力器PPT(Pulsed Plasma Thruster)点火安全控制系统是PPT设计中的关键.为方便灵活地控制点火脉冲和工作频率,同时保证安全点火,采用直接有脉宽调制信号PWM(Pulse width Modulalion)输出口的数字信号处理器DSP(Digital Signal Processing)控制PPT的点火,完成了DSP辅助电路、和上位机通讯的串口电路、与PPT高压触发模块(脉冲功率装置)的接口电路以及PPT点火时序控制软件的设计.PPT工作时,点火安全控制系统接收由上位机卫星喷气姿态控制算法产生的点火时刻和点火次数命令,执行点火命令.试验表明,PPT点火安全控制系统能够控制PPT试验样机,使其准确按照时序在频率0～1.67Hz(波形分辨率最高为6.67ns)下可靠点火.     

小波奇异性在地震信号去噪中的应用

论文介绍了地震信号的去噪过程中,利用小波良好的时频局部化能力和多分辨率分析能力,对信号进行变换,利用变换后的幅值极大点检测出信号的奇异点(突变点,包含了震相和噪声),继而利用在不同的变换尺度下,震相信号和噪声模极大值的变化特征的不同来去除噪声.利用我台的地震信号进行验证,该方法去噪后震相更清晰,震相的标注信度更高.     

The presence of females modulates the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual signal

Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear. Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color, with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However, a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown.     

The effect of repeated vibration signals on worker behavior in established and newly founded colonies of the honey bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>

Communication signals used in animal social interactions are frequently performed repetitively, but the function of this repetition is often not well understood. We examined the effects of signal repetition by investigating the behavior of worker honey bees that received differing numbers of vibration signals in established and newly founded colonies, which could use signal repetition differently to help adjust task allocations to the labor demands associated with the different stages of colony development. In both colony types, more than half of all monitored workers received more than one vibration signal, and approximately 12% received ≥5 signals during a given 20-min observation period. Vibrated recipients exhibited greater activity and task performance than same-age non-vibrated controls at all levels of signal activity. However, vibrated workers showed similar levels of task performance, movement rates, cell inspection rates, and trophallactic exchanges regardless of the number of signals received. Thus, the repeated performance of vibration signals on individual bees did not cause cumulative increases in the activity of certain workers, but rather may have functioned to maintain relatively constant levels of activity and task performance among groups of recipients. The established and newly founded colonies did not differ in the extent to which individual workers received the different numbers of vibration signals or in the levels of activity stimulated by repeated signals. Previous work has suggested that compared to established colonies, newly founded colonies have a greater number of vibrators that perform signals on a greater proportion of the workers they contact. Taken in concert, these results suggest that vibration signal repetition may help to adjust task allocations to the different stages of colony development by helping to maintain similar levels of activity among a greater total number of recipients, rather than by eliciting cumulative effects that cause certain recipients to work harder than others.     

嗜酸硫杆菌双组分信号转导系统多样性分析

为探索嗜酸硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus)对极端矿山环境条件感知和反应分子机制的差异,利用生物信息学方法鉴定和分析了两株嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌、一株喜温嗜酸硫杆菌和一株耐冷嗜酸硫杆菌的双组分信号转导系统(TCS)结构多样性特征.结果表明,4株嗜酸硫杆菌拥有27~38个TCS蛋白,聚类分析显示有16组配对的TCS族、4组孤儿组氨酸蛋白激酶(HK)和9组孤儿反应调节蛋白(RR),与其进化分支有较好的相关性;其中9个配对和5个不配对的TCS 蛋白族为嗜酸硫杆菌菌株所共有,其余特有TCS均在一个或几个菌株中缺失.嗜酸硫杆菌菌株共有的TCS功能涉及氮素固定及代谢调节、柠檬酸/苹果酸代谢调节等,特有TCS功能涉及如趋化性调控、重金属响应、铜抗性调控等,这可能有助于菌株在极端矿山环境中生存.     

矿山微震时间序列的相空间构建与混沌吸引子维数确立

为了进一步挖掘矿山微震信号内蕴藏的信息,初步研究了微震信号的混沌特性。针对矿山微震信号非平稳、非线性的特点开展了以下研究:建立了一维时间序列的相空间重构模型,分析了一维和多维微震时间序列的空间相型;选取了矿山现场监测一维微震时间序列（N=2 000）,利用自相关函数求取了时间序列的延迟时间τ;建立了微震时间序列关联分维数的循环计算模型;最终确立了相应临界距离r（r=250）和相空间维数m（m=50）的值,计算求得分维数D的值为1.088 5。研究结果表明,微震一维时间序列的吸引子维数存在,同时也证明了微震时间序列具有混沌特性。该研究结果为利用混沌理论处理矿山微震数据,如初始到时精确拾取、信号特征分析与提取以及波形降噪等提供理论依据。     

不同矿井煤样变形破裂过程中的电荷感应实验研究

采用单轴压缩煤电荷感应信号测试系统,研究了不同矿井煤在不同加载速度下变形破裂过程中的电荷感应规律。研究结果表明,煤样在加载初期即有电荷感应信号,随着应力水平的增加,不断有电荷感应信号产生,且信号幅值不断增加,在应力峰值前后电荷感应信号最强,信号也最为丰富,煤样主破裂发生后仍有明显的电荷信号,但信号幅值较小;在煤样应力发生突变时有较强的电荷感应信号产生;抗压强度越高、冲击倾向性越强的煤样,电荷感应信号也越强,信号越丰富,持续时间越长;加载速度越大,所产生的电荷感应信号越强。电荷感应信号与煤的变形破裂和煤样类型有一定关系,可以用电荷感应信号反映煤的破坏程度。     

连续油管疲劳损伤的磁记忆检测试验研究

连续油管工作在大位移塑性变形条件下,受力复杂,工况恶劣。其破坏形式多种多样,尤以疲劳居多。根据连续油管的工作原理,利用磁记忆检测方法,进行连续油管全尺寸疲劳试验,研究连续油管在内压、轴向拉伸及弯曲等交变载荷作用下,疲劳破坏过程的磁记忆特征信号变化规律,采用区域积分面积-寿命关系曲线,分析大位移塑性变形下的连续油管疲劳损伤过程的磁记忆信号特征值的规律。试验表明:磁记忆特征值可以很好的描述连续油管疲劳损伤程度,为现场连续油管服役过程工作寿命及损伤程度的判定提供依据。