新型光声光谱法测定总无机碳酸盐含量

采用新型富氏变换红外光谱气体分析仪测定固体及水体样品中总无机碳酸盐含量,原理是CO₂对红外线的主动式光声吸收.反应器浸没在恒温水浴中,经氮气吹洗后,在连续搅动条件下,向样品中加入一定量高氯酸.酸解生成的CO₂对特定波段的红外吸收造成温度和压力的波动,从而产生频率取决于吸收波长的光声信号,再由微型麦克风加以记录.实验对固体和液体标准样品的线性检测范围分别为120 mg的CaCO₃和36.4 mmol/L的NaHCO₃,灵敏度分别为0.02 mg和3 mmol/L.因总无机碳酸盐的酸性缓冲容量对黏土矿物的表面酸碱性质影响显著,故选择不同来源天然伊利石作为模型样品进行测定,并探讨一些影响因素和改进方案.     

OPNET仿真平台下典型作战环境对弹载通信干扰效果影响研究

为了解和掌握典型作战环境下弹载通信干扰机的干扰效果,利用OPNET仿真平台建立弹载通信干扰模型,并在被干扰对象进程中刻画了典型作战环境下的信号传输模型,最后当跳频电台的发射天线高架时,对东南沿海和西南边境等两种典型作战环境进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明:东南沿海环境下,干扰机下降过程中受到障碍物的阻挡时,干扰信号无法到达部分电台的接收端,导致电台接收端的信噪比有所提高;西南边境环境下,干扰机下降过程中由于山区地形的遮挡,对超短波电台的干扰信号阻挡较多,干扰效果不明显,而对短波电台的阻挡较少,被干扰的程度较大,使得短波电台出现了丢包。随着干扰机的进一步下降,对短波电台的干扰信号也被阻挡,使得对短波的干扰程度降低,其丢包率和误码率均逐步降低。相关结论对充分发挥典型作战环境下弹载通信干扰机的作战效能具有借鉴意义。     

低应变反射波法基桩动测资料分析中的若干问题探讨

本文对低应变反射波法基桩动测资料分析中存在的信号分析方法、尺寸效应、桩周土的影响等问题的最新研究进展进行了分析,并且对相应问题给出了一些建议和可能的解决方法.     

龙凤山站大气CO2浓度2种筛分方法对比研究

针对黑龙江龙凤山区域本底站2009年1月~2011年12月大气CO2在线观测数据,研究基于地面风、日变化等大气本底/非本底数据筛分方法(SWDV)和稳健局部近似回归大气本底/非本底数据筛分方法(REBS)在龙凤山区域本底站的适用性.研究表明:2种筛分方法在春、秋和冬季都能很好反映龙凤山大气CO2浓度的趋势变化及局地源汇对观测CO2浓度的影响,对于高浓度的非本底数据都能够较好的识别,但在夏季使用REBS方法会影响筛分的准确性,不建议在龙凤山区域本底站使用REBS筛分方法.SWDV和REBS法筛分出的本底数据分别占总数据量的30.7%和 58.9%.2种方法均筛分为本底浓度和非本底浓度的数据分别占总数据量的21.5%和32.0%.二者筛分的本底季平均浓度在春季相差最小为(0.1±0.3)×10-6(摩尔比,下同),冬季和秋季次之,在夏季相差最大为(4.2±1.0)×10-6.典型个例分析表明,SWDV法会将白天一些受西南污染气流影响的CO2浓度误筛分为本底浓度,REBS法会将个别在静稳天气条件下受局地影响大的CO2观测值误筛分为本底浓度.夏季局地污染状况可能被植被强烈的光合作用抵消,CO2浓度变化不大,使得REBS误筛分为本底浓度,以及对于一些较低的CO2浓度值,REBS误筛分为非本底浓度,这些因素导致2种筛分方法在夏季本底浓度差别较大.     

基于HHT的煤岩破裂微震信号分析

微震信号处理是目前研究微震监测技术应用领域中的一个重要课题,应用ESG微震监测系统采集煤巷炮掘过程中产生的煤岩破裂微震信号,针对所采集微震信号具有明显的持续时间短、突变快等特点,选用希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)对其进行处理。HHT包括EMD分解和Hillert变换两部分,微震信号经过EMD自适应分解得出9个IMF分量和一个残余分量,对各IMF分量进行Hillert变换做出Hillert谱,从Hillert谱中得出煤岩破裂微震信号频率响应主要集中在500-800Hz,用边际能量谱加以验证得出Hillert谱在应用中的准确性,为进一步认识煤岩破裂的机理和预测煤岩动力灾害提供了有效的技术途径。     

Spectrum characteristics analysis of microseismic signals transmitting between coal bedding

This study was performed to investigate the propagation law of microseismic signals transmitting along the direction parallel and vertical to the bedding in the process of coal rock rupture under uniaxial compression. Microseismic signals during the whole process of coal-rock deformation fracture until burst failure was tested by using the coal rock rupture microseismic experimental system. The empirical mode decomposition graphic, Hilbert spectrum and time-frequency spectrum were obtained by using Hilbert-Huang Transform or HHT. Also the microseismic signals transmitting along the direction parallel and vertical to the bedding in the process of coal rock rupture were spectrum comparative analyzed with EMD analysis method. Results show that amplitude and velocity of microseismic signals changed very small along the parallel direction to bedding in the process of propagation, but microseismic signals delayed and amplitude weakened obviously along the vertical direction to bedding. Signal delay and signal attenuation were confirmed that bedding impact on microseismic wave transmitting.     

交通信号倒计时对车速与交通安全的影响

研究交通信号倒计时对自由流车速及交通安全的影响。选择城市道路交叉口,使用雷达测速设备采集进口道自由流车速等数据。运用描述统计、方差分析、列联表等统计方法,进行数据分析。数据显示,仅考虑单因素影响时,交通违法检测设备存在与否对车速均值有显著影响,而绿灯信号倒计时则无显著影响;考虑多因素相互影响时,在有绿灯信号倒计时但无交通违法检测设备的情况下,车辆速度均值会更高,且绿灯倒计时会对超速率产生影响。红灯倒计时对车速离散程度有明显的影响。结果表明,使用绿灯信号倒计时应同时安装交通违法检测设备,红灯倒计时路口应确保充分的绿灯间隔时间。     

铀尾矿库WSN安全监控镜像约束域定位算法

铀尾矿库的WSN安全监控监测技术是一门新型领域技术,是实现铀尾矿库安全综合治理的重要前提,定位技术因其能够快速定位事件发生区域的地理位置而成为WSN的关键技术之一。RSSI测距定位技术因其易于实现、成本低等特点而被广泛应用,然而其在铀尾矿库中会受到多径、非视距等因素的影响,远距离得到的RSSI值测距误差较大。为此,提出一种镜像最小通信圆约束域定位算法,未知节点利用多个近距离RSSI测距值生成最小通信圆,以锚节点坐标镜像最小通信圆生成镜像圆,多条件约束形成定位区域进行区域定位。仿真结果表明:多最小通信圆定位效果优于单最小通信圆,且比传统RSSI和RSSI质心算法具有更高的定位精度和较小的误差均方差。     

涡流热成像动态检测模式的缺陷信号重构方法研究

在涡流热成像检测中,缺陷信号重构可以有效评定结构的安全性和可靠性,及时预防生产中安全事故的发生,目前大多数信号重构方法都不适用于动态模式的涡流热成像检测。为了对动态模式涡流热成像检测的信号进行重构,提出了1种基于区域扫描的方法,选定区域大小及划分准则,在每帧图像相同位置划分区域,对各个区域内的温度数据进行相应的运算处理并提取结果,以此作为每个区域的重构温度,进而重构出包含所有缺陷温度信息的热像图。结果表明:该方法可以对动态模式下的涡流热成像温度信号进行重构,并能在一定程度上消除噪声,有利于后续的图像处理。     

A new context-based approach to assess marine mammal behavioral responses to anthropogenic sounds

Acute effects of anthropogenic sounds on marine mammals, such as from military sonars, energy development, and offshore construction, have received considerable international attention from scientists, regulators, and industry. Moreover, there has been increasing recognition and concern about the potential chronic effects of human activities (e.g., shipping). It has been demonstrated that increases in human activity and background noise can alter habitats of marine animals and potentially mask communications for species that rely on sound to mate, feed, avoid predators, and navigate. Without exception, regulatory agencies required to assess and manage the effects of noise on marine mammals have addressed only the acute effects of noise on hearing and behavior. Furthermore, they have relied on a single exposure metric to assess acute effects: the absolute sound level received by the animal. There is compelling evidence that factors other than received sound level, including the activity state of animals exposed to different sounds, the nature and novelty of a sound, and spatial relations between sound source and receiving animals (i.e., the exposure context) strongly affect the probability of a behavioral response. A more comprehensive assessment method is needed that accounts for the fact that multiple contextual factors can affect how animals respond to both acute and chronic noise. We propose a three-part approach. The first includes measurement and evaluation of context-based behavioral responses of marine mammals exposed to various sounds. The second includes new assessment metrics that emphasize relative sound levels (i.e., ratio of signal to background noise and level above hearing threshold). The third considers the effects of chronic and acute noise exposure. All three aspects of sound exposure (context, relative sound level, and chronic noise) mediate behavioral response, and we suggest they be integrated into ecosystem-level management and the spatial planning of human offshore activities.