外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性与累积重金属特性的影响

用不同盐分(0.2%、0.4%)、重金属污染土壤进行盆栽实验,研究叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱(GB,1、10、50 mmol·L-1)对苋菜抗盐性与重金属累积的影响.结果表明,0.4%重度盐分胁迫下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱可大幅提高苋菜茎叶部游离脯氨酸和总游离氨基酸含量;盐分胁迫抑制了苋菜根系对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,而叶面喷施甜菜碱可显著增强对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,K/Na、Ca/Na比值随着甜菜碱剂量的增加而逐渐增大.在0.4%盐分下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱促使根系K/Na、Ca/Na比值分别增加了40.4%、34.1%,说明盐分越高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性更明显.盐分胁迫下,外源甜菜碱明显提高了苋菜根系重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量.在0.4%盐分与喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱条件下,苋菜根系对各重金属的累积增幅分别为22.1%、127.1%、63.4%、61.1%、56.1%.由根系重金属与盐分离子的相关性分析可知,0.4%盐分处理后,Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn与盐分离子、重金属的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01);而在0.2%盐分处理下,只有Na与Ca、Cd与Cr、Cu与Zn的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01).说明盐分含量较高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐胁迫效果越明显,对必需元素及其伴随吸收的非必需重金属元素吸收增加也越明显.     

吸油烟机风量检测中可靠性分析

根据GB/T 17713-2011的要求,对外排式吸油烟机空气性能实验装置的板孔的设计进行了研究,结合板孔系数表,提出了与实际工作点最接近的计算方法,以设计的孔板测量外排式吸油烟机的风量。并根据实际的检测实例,找出了实际影响因素,提高了风量检测的可靠性。     

镉超积累植物龙葵叶片中镉的积累与有机酸含量的关系

采用盆栽试验方法,研究镉超积累植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)不同生育期叶片中有机酸的含量与组成,及其与镉生物积累的关系.结果表明,当土壤中镉浓度为25μg.g-1时,苗期和成熟期龙葵叶片镉积累量均达到100μg.g-1以上,且地上部镉含量大于根部镉含量.苗期与成熟期有机酸的含量变化差异显著,苗期龙葵叶片4种有机酸的含量大小为乙酸>酒石酸>苹果酸>柠檬酸;成熟期有机酸含量顺序为苹果酸>酒石酸、乙酸>柠檬酸.苗期龙葵叶片中酒石酸含量与镉含量呈极显著相关,成熟期则发现乙酸和柠檬酸含量与叶片中镉含量呈显著相关,说明龙葵叶片中酒石酸、柠檬酸和乙酸分别可以指示不同生育期龙葵叶片中镉的积累.     

Ecological monitoring of urban groups of stray dogs: An example of the city of petrozavodsk

The results of the census of stray dogs and data on their territorial distribution in the city of Petrozavodsk are reported. The population density of these animals has been found to vary within the urban area, depending mainly on the availability of secluded areas to live in and on population control by municipal services.     

Isolation of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils and determination of tolerance to glyphosate of nontoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi strains

Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used in Argentina's agricultural system to control undesirable weeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the culturable mycobiota [colony forming units (CFU) g^?1 and frequency of fungal genera or species] from an agricultural field exposed to pesticides. In addition, we evaluated the tolerance of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains to high concentrations (100 to 500 mM – 17,000 to 84,500 ppm) of a glyphosate commercial formulation. The analysis of the mycobiota showed that the frequency of the main fungal genera varied according to the analyzed sampling period. Aspergillus spp. or Aspergillus section Flavi strains were isolated from 20 to 100% of the soil samples. Sterilia spp. were also observed throughout the sampling (50 to 100%). Aspergillus section Flavi tolerance assays showed that all of the tested strains were able to develop at the highest glyphosate concentration tested regardless of the water availability conditions. In general, significant reductions in growth rates were observed with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. However, a complete inhibition of fungal growth was not observed with the concentrations assayed. This study contributes to the knowledge of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils exposed to pesticides and provides evidence on the effective growth ability of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains exposed to high glyphosate concentrations in vitro.     

Populations of orchids at the northern limit of their distribution (Murmansk Oblast): Effect of climate

The effect of climatic conditions on the dynamics of 21 populations of 10 species of the family Orchidaceae at the northern limit of their range in Europe was studied between 1992 and 2004. The abundance of orchid populations proved to depend primarily on air temperature during the previous and current growing seasons.     

Assessment of the risk of excess sulfur input into terrestrial ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula

The tolerance of terrestrial ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula to atmospheric deposition of acid-forming sulfur compounds and the risk of their excess input into these ecosystems have been assessed on the basis of the critical load concept. The most sensitive ecosystems (critical sulfur load <400 equiv/ha per year) occupy 58% of the total area of the peninsula. These are mainly pine, spruce, and birch forests (including open and crooked birch forests) growing on podzols formed on sandy boulder-pebble glacial deposits. The zones of ecological risk cover the northwestern and central parts of the peninsula near the Pechenganikel and Severonikel combined works (20% of the total area).     

Home range and the expression of nonresidence in bank voles (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Clethrionomys glareolus</Emphasis>): Interpretation of the results of marking at live-trap lines

The distribution of activity of bank voles along a live-trap line can be approximated by the normal law. The standard deviation is a stable characteristic of the sizes of regularly used space. Occurrence of an animal beyond a distance of three standard deviations from the center of activity is regarded as an expression of nonresidence. Different types of space use have been found: equilibrium and drifting home ranges, movements, and excursions. Formal criteria for distinguishing space use patterns are presented.     

泥石流危险范围的模型实验预测法

泥石流危险范围的模型实验预测旨在确定一次泥石流可能堆积泛滥的最大范围.通过泥石流不同冲出量、堆积区坡度和容重的31次模型实验,获取了泥石流堆积面积.最大堆积长度、宽度和厚度的实验数据.采用量纲分析方法,建立了一次泥石流危险范围的预测模型,并由实验资料确定了模型的修正系数.在云南和甘肃的应用实践表明,预测模型精度高,适用范围广,可在我国泥石流危险范围预测预报中使用.     

Mechanisms of copper tolerance by Armeria maritima in Dolfrwyong Bog,north Wales--initial studies

Preliminary field studies were carried out at Dolfrwynog Bog in July 2000. Replicate samples of water, Armeria maritima plants and the soils adhering to its roots were collected and analysed for copper. Concentrations of up to 6486 mg kg^–1 of copper in the soils were recorded. Accumulation of copper by the plant as expressed by concentration factors (CF) show that it is acting mainly as a copper excluder. Of the copper that is taken up, most of it is retained within the roots with very little being transported to the shoots of the plant. Moreover, a further possible mechanism of tolerance is exhibited by the excretion of copper through its decaying leaves. Towards the use of in vitro cultures to study the copper tolerance mechanisms in A. maritima a micropropagation protocol has been developed. The ex vitro plants have been rooted and established in compost.