Male-biassed response of garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola L., to leaf alcohol and attraction of both sexes to floral plant volatiles

Summary. Field tests were performed to evaluate the response of the garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to known scarab attractants and to investigate the influence of trap colour and height on the number of captured beetles. Both sexes were attracted by a lure mixture composed of geraniol, eugenol, and 2-phenylethyl propionate (PEP) (ratio 3:7:3). When testing floral volatiles individually, only geraniol, eugenol and methyl anthranilate but not PEP was attractive. Response of garden chafer to (Z)- 3-hexen-1-ol was strongly male-biassed. Both the response to floral volatiles and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol was increased by using funnel traps with yellow instead of grey vanes. Traps positioned at 50 and 125 cm above ground captured significantly more garden chafers than those at 200 cm. The strongly male-biassed response to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol suggests that in P. horticola (subfamily Rutelinae) orientation towards plant volatiles emitted upon mechanical damage of plants is part of the male mate finding strategy as recently demonstrated for cockchafers of the genus Melolontha (subfamily Melolonthinae). Possible application of plant volatiles for control of P. horticola is discussed.     

Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

都江堰灵岩山3种人工林优势物种叶片的有机组分特征

叶片的有机组分特征不仅是植物光合产物分配策略和养分回收的重要参数,而且是衡量凋落叶分解难易程度的重要指标.为探究不同植物群落叶片间有机组分的差异,以华西雨屏区人工林的优势乔、灌、草植物作为对象,收集其成熟叶及凋落叶,研究其水溶性组分(water soluble component,WSC)、有机溶性组分(organic...     

火电建设项目环境影响评价基础数据库建设方案与应用

针对火电建设项目环境影响评价的特点,提出了火电建设项目环境影响评价基础数据库的资料入库格式和内容要求。结合数据库的分类统计和GIS地理信息系统的空间分析功能,提出了基础数据库的数据处理与统计分析及数据库应用系统的建设方案,并得到初步应用。     

组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中有机物的去除特征研究

采用物理分级和三维荧光光谱法,研究了组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中不同形态有机物的去除特征.结果表明,组合人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水具有较好的深度处理效果,出水水质基本可以达到国家地表水环境质量标准(GB38382-2002)Ⅲ或Ⅳ类水标准.组合人工湿地处理系统对尾水中CODCr和BOD5总体去除率分别达到35.2%和44.3%,对尾水中总有机碳(TOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均去除率分别为46.9%、45.9%、48.3%.组合人工湿地系统不同单元对尾水中有机物的去除贡献率存在差异,其中,潜流湿地单元对尾水中CODCr和BOD5及其不同组分有机碳的去除效率较高.试验期间,由于藻类滋生,表流湿地单元出水中有机物含量波动较大,去除效果明显降低,藻类被打捞后,出水水质明显改善.三维荧光光谱分析结果显示,各个处理单元取样点的水样三维荧光光谱均出现4个明显的荧光峰.人工湿地各单元出水溶解性有机质(DOM)中,类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质含量较高,类富里酸物质含量较低.人工湿地对类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质有较强的去除作用.     

HAZOP 分析在酸性水汽提装置上的应用与研究

危险与可操作性分析对于石化装置的工艺安全管理具有重要意义,介绍了HAZOP分析方法在工艺装置上的应用流程,并讨论了HAZOP分析与风险矩阵的结合运用。以克拉玛依石化公司的80吨/小时酸性水汽提装置为例,详细阐述了HAZOP分析的流程及其与半定量分析相结合的方法在实践中的应用,并针对危险源给出了风险削减措施。基于HAZOP分析在实践中的应用情况,总结了一些客观存在的问题,并提出了意见和建议。     

基于人工神经网络理论的船舶动力装置安全综合评价模型

为提高船舶动力装置安全综合评价水平，依据人工神经网络的基本原理，分析了BP神经网络模型的基本原理和优化策略，将其应用于船舶动力装置的安全评价之中。提出了基于神经网络理论的船舶动力装置综合安全评价模型及实现方法，并以实例论证了此方法的可行性。     

"静电-布袋"联合除尘在燃煤电厂的应用前景

介绍了我国电除尘器目前面临的主要问题和采取的改造措施及效果,对研究开发"静电-布袋"联合除尘的必要性进行了讨论,并分析、探讨了其主要结构形式、技术特点和应用前景.     

ClO2消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水超级耐药基因的影响

为了研究二氧化氯（chlorine dioxide,ClO₂）消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水中超级耐药基因（super antibiotic resistance genes,SARGs）的去除效果,对污水处理厂出水消毒前后的水样进行了全年采集,并采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附柱-洗脱法分别富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用荧光定量PCR技术对其中的9种SARGs进行定量检测.结果表明,无论是胞内还是胞外核酸,均有NDM-1、MCR-1 和MEC-A被检测出;同时,ClO₂消毒后上述3种SARGs的胞内相对总浓度明显上升（P<0.05）,且ClO₂消毒对胞内SARGs相对浓度的影响与季节有关,其中春季、夏季和秋季均发生上升,且春季升高最为明显,达2倍,而冬季出水在消毒前后均未测出胞内SARGs;胞外SARGs则在ClO₂消毒前后没有明显浓度变化.因此,ClO₂消毒不能有效去除污水处理厂出水中胞内和胞外SARGs污染.     

燃煤电厂排放细颗粒物的水溶性无机离子特征综述

当前我国面临严重的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染,燃煤电厂是大气中PM2.5的重要来源之一.为了实现国家"十一五"和"十二五"规划对二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化物(NOx)的总量减排目标,燃煤电厂大规模安装烟气脱硫和脱硝设施,这虽然减少了气态污染物转化生成的二次PM2.5,但另一方面也会对烟气中PM2.5的物理化学特征产生影响,有可能增加一次PM2.5的排放.本文综述了燃煤电厂排放PM2.5及其水溶性离子的粒径分布特征,重点介绍了脱硫和脱硝这两种烟气处理设施对燃煤电厂排放PM2.5的影响原理及相关研究结果,特别是对细颗粒物中水溶性离子(如SO2-4、Ca2+和NH+4)的影响.在目前我国PM2.5污染十分严重和燃煤电厂大量安装脱硫和脱硝装置的背景下,定量研究脱硫和脱硝对PM2.5排放特征的影响具有十分重要的意义.