小波分析在语音识别系统中的研究与应用

在语音识别系统的不同处理阶段,大部分可以使用小波分析技术进行实现,并且这种实现方法比传统的方法具有更好的效果.本文重点探讨了在端点检测、噪声去除以及参数提取过程中使用小波分析技术的原理及方法,并提出现阶段所存在的问题及解决方案.     

电力系统抗震可靠性研究与分析综述

地震是最可能造成电力系统遭受严重破坏的自然灾害。对电力系统的震害特点进行了一些研究和介绍,针对这些特点提出了提高电力系统抗震可靠性的措施和建议,并对电力系统抗震可靠性研究现状及发展趋势作了综述。     

网络攻击检测中的机器学习方法综述

在详细介绍网络攻击检测机器学习原理的基础上,对现有的各种方法进行了评述,并结合网络攻击检测系统的应用需求,阐述了网络攻击检测系统机器学习技术的发展方向。     

长江三角洲河流污染现状及变化趋势

长江三角洲是我国最大的经济核心区,随着该区内城市化步伐的加快和工业化程度的提高,区内绝大部分河流已遭到日益严重的污染.笔者根据长江三角洲地区河流水质历年监测资料,并结合实验室实测数据和实地考察,简要地分析了该地区主要河流水质现状,初步揭示了该地区河流污染的空间分布特征以及时间变化趋势,以期为该地区河流污染的综合治理以及环境保护的可持续发展提供科学的依据.      

Kullback-Leibler distance-based enhanced detection of incipient anomalies

Accurate and effective anomaly detection and diagnosis of modern engineering systems by monitoring processes ensure reliability and safety of a product while maintaining desired quality. In this paper, an innovative method based on Kullback-Leibler divergence for detecting incipient anomalies in highly correlated multivariate data is presented. We use a partial least square (PLS) method as a modeling framework and a symmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD) as an anomaly indicator, where it is used to quantify the dissimilarity between current PLS-based residual and reference probability distributions obtained using fault-free data. Furthermore, this paper reports the development of two monitoring charts based on the KLD. The first approach is a KLD-Shewhart chart, where the Shewhart monitoring chart with a three sigma rule is used to monitor the KLD of the response variables residuals from the PLS model. The second approach integrates the KLD statistic into the exponentially weighted moving average monitoring chart. The performance of the PLS-based KLD anomaly-detection methods is illustrated and compared to that of conventional PLS-based anomaly detection methods. Using synthetic data and simulated distillation column data, we demonstrate the greater sensitivity and effectiveness of the developed method over the conventional PLS-based methods, especially when data are highly correlated and small anomalies are of interest. Results indicate that the proposed chart is a very promising KLD-based method because KLD-based charts are, in practice, designed to detect small shifts in process parameters.     

Solid waste bin detection and classification using Dynamic Time Warping and MLP classifier

The increasing requirement for Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a significant challenge for municipal authorities. A number of integrated systems and methods have introduced to overcome this challenge. Many researchers have aimed to develop an ideal SWM system, including approaches involving software-based routing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Radio-frequency Identification (RFID), or sensor intelligent bins. Image processing solutions for the Solid Waste (SW) collection have also been developed; however, during capturing the bin image, it is challenging to position the camera for getting a bin area centralized image. As yet, there is no ideal system which can correctly estimate the amount of SW. This paper briefly discusses an efficient image processing solution to overcome these problems. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was used for detecting and cropping the bin area and Gabor wavelet (GW) was introduced for feature extraction of the waste bin image. Image features were used to train the classifier. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier was used to classify the waste bin level and estimate the amount of waste inside the bin. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was used to statistically evaluate classifier performance. The results of this developed system are comparable to previous image processing based system. The system demonstration using DTW with GW for feature extraction and an MLP classifier led to promising results with respect to the accuracy of waste level estimation (98.50%). The application can be used to optimize the routing of waste collection based on the estimated bin level.     

近50 a长江流域暴雨日数时空变化分析

利用1961~2010年长江流域逐日降水资料和DEM数据,结合Mann-Kendall趋势法、变差系数法以及GIS空间分析等方法,分析了近50 a长江流域年均暴雨日数时空变化特征。结果表明:长江流域年均暴雨日数基本呈自东向西递减的规律,且随着海拔升高,年均暴雨日数逐渐减少,两者呈显著负相关关系;长江流域上游高原气候影响区年均暴雨日数小于1 d;而中上游中亚热带湿润气候影响区大于2 d;随着纬度的增加,暴雨开始时间推迟,结束时间提前,持续时间减少;年暴雨日数的变差系数与年均暴雨日数满足幂指数关系,相关系数达0.97,为显著相关。表现为年均暴雨日数大(小)的地方,变差系数小(大);除长江中下游中部和四川盆地及其周边地区年暴雨日数为减少趋势外,其它地方均表现为不同程度的增加趋势。鄱阳湖水系、四川(雅安市、峨眉山市、万源市)、湖南(安化县、南岳区)、湖北(洪湖市、英山县)年暴雨日数多且变差系数小,洪水、泥石流等灾害压力巨大;为有关部门了解长江流域洪水等灾害的发生机制、提高灾害预测预报能力、制定防灾减灾政策等提供科学依据。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定叶菜中13种抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测叶菜类蔬菜中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类13种抗生素的分析方法.优化蔬菜基质中抗生素的提取液种类、净化方式、洗脱液种类,以及探讨环境变化和实验条件对实验结果的影响后,确定最优方案为称取500 mg的蔬菜样品,加入20 mL甲醇-Mcllvaine-Na_2EDTA溶液,超声和离心提取3次后,旋转蒸发至20 mL过HLB固相萃取柱.以6 m L甲醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,氮吹近干,用乙腈∶水(体积比2∶8)混合溶液复溶,离心、过滤后采用UPLC-MS/MS进行检测.流动相A相为1‰的甲酸水溶液,B相为乙腈,梯度洗脱.结果显示,小白菜在300ng·g~(-1)加标时,13种抗生素的加标回收率为38. 05%～96. 97%,150 ng·g~(-1)时,加标回收率为34. 52%～111. 10%,50 ng·g~(-1)时,加标回收率为41. 75%～107. 13%,相对偏差RSD值均小于8. 68%.检出限为0. 4～1 ng·g~(-1)、定量限为1. 5～3 ng·g~(-1),在不同种类的叶菜上也表现出较好的提取和回收效率,具有较好的分析应用效果.实际的样品检测发现,4种叶菜不同程度地检测出了抗生素的残留.总的含量范围(以干重计)为1. 59～32. 01 ng·g~(-1).小白菜所含抗生素含量最高,其次为白菜、生菜和芫荽.磺胺二甲基嘧啶为叶菜中含量最高的抗生素种类.各抗生素检测出的含量虽很低,但仍不能忽略长期食用带来的潜在健康风险.     

Electrochemical detection and degradation of ibuprofen from water on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy composite electrode

This work describes the electrochemical behaviour of ibuprofen on two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes based composite electrodes,i.e.,multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy(MWCNT) and silver-modified zeolite-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy(AgZMWCNT) composites electrodes.The composite electrodes were obtained using two-roll mill procedure.SEM images of surfaces of the composites revealed a homogeneous distribution of the composite components within the epoxy matrix.AgZMWCNT composite electrode exhibited the better electrical conductivity and larger electroactive surface area.The electrochemical determination of ibuprofen(IBP) was achieved using AgZMWCNT by cyclic voltammetry,differential-pulsed voltammetry,square-wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The IBP degradation occurred on both composite electrodes under controlled electrolysis at 1.2 and 1.75 V vs.Ag/AgCl,and IBP concentration was determined comparatively by differential-pulsed voltammetry,under optimized conditions using AgZMWCNT electrode and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods to determine the IBP degradation performance for each electrode.AgZMWCNT electrode exhibited a dual character allowing a double application in IBP degradation process and its control.     

芳香化合物受体报道基因检测环境二噁英污染

以建立环境二噁英类污染物的筛查方法为目的,考察酵母基因报告系统方法在水、土壤和动物血清样品检测中的准确性和灵敏性。利用该系统,对TCDD标准品和已知毒性当量的环境污染二英标准品进行测试,建立和标准化测定的方法;对各种水样、土壤和动物TCDD暴露模型血清样品进行测定。结果显示报道系统能够较为准确地反映标准样品的毒性当量浓度,可检测到TCDD污染物的下限浓度为0.01 ng/L;可疑河涌水的二噁英类TEQ污染水平在可检测范围内,经过治理后污染程度下降;土壤检测到最高污染水平为(23.06±1.75)ng/kg;TCDD模型小鼠血清含量明显高出正常对照组(p<0.05,p<0.01和p<0.01)。结论:实验证明该报道系统可用于多种实际环境污染样品二噁英类TEQ检测,灵敏度可达ng级。由于方法具有简单、快速的特点,特别适合于环境可疑较高二噁英类污染物的快速筛查,在实际中有一定的应用价值。