逆流流动注射在线萃取火焰原子吸收法测定水样中的铜、铁、铅、锰

采用逆流流动注射在线萃取,用ＡＰＤＣ＋ＤＤＴＣ为络合剂,ＭＩＢＫ作萃取剂,与火焰原子吸收光谱仪联用测定Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｐｂ、和Ｍｎ的灵敏度,分别提高了３５．７、３４．３、４８．７和４１．６倍,检测限分别为１．６、７．５、３．３、２．１μｇ／Ｌ,该法用于含这些重金属很低的饮用水和环境水样的测定,获得了满意的结果。     

UASB+AF处理维生素C废水的研究

采用有效容积为６ｍ３的ＵＡＳＢ＋ＡＦ反应器处理维生素Ｃ高浓度有机废水,结果表明：稳定运行容积负荷可达１０—１２ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）ＣＯＤ去除率大于８０％,容积产气率大于３．０Ｎｍ３／（ｍ３·ｄ）,并具有启动速度快和较强耐冲击负荷的能力。     

浅析河流允许排污量计算的设计流量

对淮河淮南段水污染物允许排放量计算中出现大流量小允许排放量的反常现象进行了讨论,并从河流纳污能力形成机制和排污量计算方程等方面问题的产生原因作了定量剖析,又以淮南市段为实例,对设计流量应如保判别和确定作了初步探讨。     

低流量河流的水量水质平衡研究

针对存在补给关系的河流或河段,提出更切合实际设计条件的水量平衡模型和水量水质平衡模型,进而确定了源与目标之间的响应关系参数和河流或河段的输移作用,在水量水质平衡模型基础上,给出推求自净环境容量的方法。该模型和方法已得到实际应用和检验,具有广泛的应用前景。      

Environmental Isotopes for Resolution of Hydrology Problems

The use of environmental isotopes as tracers in the hydrosphere is increasing as analytical instrumentation improves and more applications are discovered. There exists still misconceptions on the role of isotopes in resolving hydrology problems. Naturally occurring isotopes in the environment describe hydrological processes, estimate ages, fingerprint sources and pathways, yet are not subject to the regulatory restraints of artificial isotope injections nor the limited extent of many chemical tracers, particularly dyes and particulates. A short review is presented for practicing hydrologists on the basis for employing stable and radioactive isotopes and a synopsis of recent isotope hydrology applications is provided. Special focus is presented on the emergent role of water isopopes (¹⁸O, ²H, ³H) in wet-weather flow research in urban watersheds. A brief technical approach for an experimental site in the Mill Creek Watershed, Ohio is outlined.     

村级养殖种植园区碳素物质流分析——以北京市平谷区西柏店村为例

将西柏店村畜禽养殖规模折合为1.5万头猪场当量污染负荷,并将整个园区生产工艺分为养殖、废弃物处理和种植3个阶段,不考虑隐藏流的情况下,以1年为系统边界,通过数据调查、已有资料研究和小区种植试验,采用物质流分析方法分析了西柏店村养殖种植园区在整个生产工艺的碳素流动,以期为村级养殖种植园区大力发展低碳经济提供新的方法和视角,为村级区域循环经济及可持续发展提供减少环境压力解决方案的科学依据。通过园区养殖种植过程的C素分析表明,养殖阶段年输入C素总量为112.52×10^4 kg,其中猪身总固碳量为40.04×10^4 kg,粪碳和尿碳总量为49.29×10^4 kg,以CO2形式代谢排出的C为23.19×10^4 kg。废弃物处理阶段输入的碳主要为粪碳和尿碳,其总量为49.29×10^4 kg,其中9.79×10^4 kg尿碳直接进入种植阶段,39.50×10^4 kg粪碳进入沼气站处理,沼气转化出的碳为11.02×10^4 kg,其中CH4为8.43×10^4 kg,CO2为2.59×10^4 kg,养殖污水中通过CH4排放再加上其他途径释放的碳约有23.66×10^4 kg,占粪碳量的59.89%。进入种植阶段的碳素主要为尿碳、沼渣和沼液的碳素,合计为14.61×10^4 kg,假设该村43 hm^2耕地能全部施用沼肥,不计其他作物种植,1季玉米种植土壤可库存有机碳为60.50×10^4 kg,为进入种植阶段碳素14.61×10^4 kg的4倍,还可增加植物有机碳27.31×10^4 kg。由C素流动分析可知,西柏店村具有可容纳该村养殖废弃物的环境容量,有较好实现养殖废弃物循环利用的条件,但需大力加强畜禽废弃物的管理和处理,提高园区养殖废弃物循环利用效率。     

COMPARISON OF DESIGN STORM CONCEPTS USING CONTINUOUS SIMULATION WITH SHORT DURATION STORMS1

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this paper were to test the ability of various design storm distributions to simulate the actual rainfall pattern and to compare the runoff rates used in the design of stormwater management devices in the State of Florida using continuous simulation approach. The analyses were performed for four gaged stations to evaluate the applicability of design storm distributions in different parts of the State of Florida. The approach used in this study compared the peak runoff rates from design storms based on the various distributions to those that would result from actual rainfall events. A series of continuous runoff rates were developed through the use of actual fifteen-minute recorded rainfall data, Horton type infiltration decay and recovery rate, and a continuous simulation model. The runoff rates were analyzed using frequency distributions to obtain peak runoff rates associated with different return periods based on the assumption that the continuous simulation approach closely predicts the actual runoff rates from the gaged stations. The results show that the behavior of the design storm distributions varies for different watershed characteristics in different parts of the state. The study also suggests that in general the Florida Department of Transportation and the Suwanne River Water Management (FDOT/ SRWMD) distributions appeared to agree with the continuous simulation results.     

流动系统内生物膜的形成及控制

应用辐射流动室（Ｒａｄｉｃａｌ Ｆｌｏｗ Ｃｈａｍｂｅｒ,ＲＦＣ）技术宣地研究水力剪切力对硝化细菌在聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）载体表面固定的。发现水力剪切力直接影响硝化细菌的固定。当作用于ＰＳ表面的水力剪切力大于８．０Ｎ／ｍ＾２时,硝化细菌基本不能在ＰＳ表面险境着;水力剪切力小于８．０Ｎ／ｍ＾２时,硝化细菌的固定程度随剪切力的减小而加强,直至达到最大,实验表明辐射液动室技术为定量研究生物膜形成及控制与水力剪     

广州市移动源现状及其污染控制管理对策

通过对广州市机动车辆构成状况和发展趋势、车流变化与氮氧化物变化关系以及各类车型污染排放分担率的分析,结果表明:在排放污染物的移动源中,小型车(出租车及其他小型车)和摩托车是一氧化碳、碳氢化合物的主要排放源;公共汽车等大型车是氮氧化物的主要排放源之一。并提出对广州市机动车污染控制应着重控制摩托车、小型车(特别是轿车,包括出租车)、公共汽车的污染排放。      

非饱和土壤轻油污染多相流研究进展

轻油泄漏到地下后 ,在非饱和土壤中水、气、油三相相互作用、相互影响 ,共同构成多相流体系统。在简要分析轻油污染问题的产生、危害以及轻油泄漏在地表以下运移方式的基础上 ,介绍并总结了近些年来国内外土壤轻油污染有关的多相流研究方面的进展 ,包括国外的模型研究成果、国内外试验研究方法和研究成果 ,并指出目前研究中存在的问题和需要进一步探讨的方向