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731.
732.
A Multi-Channel Continuous Water Toxicity Monitoring System: Its Evaluation and Application to Water Discharged from a Power Plant 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A multi-channel continuous water toxicity monitoring system was, after confirming the systems' performance, implemented to
samples of water discharged from power plants to detect and classify their toxicity using several recombinant bioluminescent
bacteria. Each channel of the system is composed of a series of two mini-bioreactors to enable a continuous operation, i.e.,
without system interruption due to highly toxic samples. A different recombinant bacterial strain was present in each channel:
DPD2540 (fabA::lux CDABE), DPD2794 (recA::luxCDABE), and TV1061 (grpE::luxCDABE), which are induced by cell membrane-, DNA-, and protein-damaging agents, respectively. GC2 (lac::luxCDABE) is a constitutive strain, whose bioluminescence is reduced by an increase in cellular toxicity. Phenol and mitomycin C (MMC)
were used for evaluating the system's performance to detect toxic chemicals. These samples were injected into the second mini-bioreactor
according to a step or bell-curve manner. The field samples used in this study were obtained from the water discharged from
two different power plants in Korea – from a nuclear power plant and a thermo-electronic power plant, and were injected into
the second mini-bioreactor to initiate the toxicity test. Each channel showed specific bioluminescent (BL) response profiles
due to the toxic compounds present in the water samples. Comparing the BL signals between the standard toxic chemical samples
and discharged water samples, the equivalent toxicity of the field water could be estimated. Finally, it was proved that this
novel continuous toxicity monitoring system can be used as an alternative tool for the quick monitoring and control of water
quality, as well as aid in the setting up of a new monitoring strategy to protect the source of tap water and in the prevention
of polluted water discharge. 相似文献
733.
734.
Bioassessment of nonwadeable streams in the United States is increasing, but methods for these systems are not as well-developed as for wadeable streams. In this study, we compared six macroinvertebrate field sampling methods for nonwadeable streams adapted from those used by three major programs: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Surface Waters, the U.S. Geological Surveys National Water Quality Assessment Program, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water Biocriteria Program. We performed all six methods at 60 sites across four rivers and measured water chemistry and physical habitat at each site to assess abiotic conditon. Sites were divided into two groups: those influenced by navigational lock and dam structures (restricted flow, or RF) and those free-flowing or with lowhead dams (run-of-the-river, or ROR). Metrics based on passive Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers differed greatly from active sampling methods (i.e., using nets) but represented abiotic conditions well in both ROR and RF sites. Although metric values were similar across certain sampling methods, the metrics significantly correlated with abiotic variables varied among methods and between ROR and RF sites. These results emphasize that methods are not interchangeable, and the ability to detect certain stressors depends on sampling method.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
735.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the groundwater contamination due to the construction and operation of the
municipal landfill of Amari, Rethymno, Crete. The groundwater flow and leachate transport in the vadose and saturated zones
were studied and simulated, using three different models: the one-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport model
for the vadose zone Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM-3), the Geographical Information System (GIS) Argus ONE and the three-dimensional
groundwater flow and contaminant transport model Princeton Transport Code (PTC). The simulation time was 30 and 20 years,
and the results obtained, according to the models and the existing hydrogeological conditions, were very encouraging and reassuring
about the groundwater quality of the broad region. 相似文献
736.
建立用流动注射--氢化物发生原子吸收法同时测定天然水中一丁基锡、二丁基锡、三丁基锡和四丁基锡化合物的方法.首先用NaBH4还原丁基锡化合物后冷凝富集、加热,氢化物根据沸点的不同依次解吸从而得到分离,由原子吸收法测定.本方法可测每升几十纳克(以锡计)的各种丁基锡化合物. 相似文献
737.
Miroslav Jicha Jiri Pospisil Jaroslav Katolicky 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):343-351
A 3-D Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to moving vehicles is presented that takes into account the traffic induced flow rate and turbulence. The method is applied to pollutants dispersion in a street canyon. The approach is based on CFD calculations using Eulerian approach to the continuous phase and Lagrangian approach to the "discrete phase" of moving objects - vehicles. A commercial CFD code StarCD was used into which the Lagrangian model was integrated. As an example a street canyon is taken into consideration. It has the length of 50 m and the aspect ratio of 1.27. The speed of wind was assigned values of 4, 7 and 12 m/s at the altitude of 300 m. The total height of the domain is 115 m. In the study different traffic situations are considered, namely one-way and two-way traffic with different traffic rates per lane. The predictions show that different traffic situations affect pollutants dispersion in the street canyon and that there are also differences in the pollutants dispersion in case of one- and two-way traffic. 相似文献
738.
连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
连续流动分析技术具有分析速度快、准确度和精密度高、操作简单、通用性强、样品和试剂消耗量少等一系列优点。灵活运用连续流动分析技术可对大多数水性样品如水和废水、土壤(或固体废弃物)提取液、饮料等进行分析。本文中着重介绍了氨氮、硝酸盐氮/亚硝酸盐氮、挥发酚以及总氰化物等几个连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用实例。 相似文献
739.
An improved implementation of distributed multiplier/fictitious domain method is presented for the direct numerical simulation of particulate flow. The key improvement is to replace a finite-element triangulation for the velocity and a “twice-coarser“ triangulation for the pressure with a rectangular discretization for the velocity and pressure. For code validation, the sedimentation of a single particle in a twodimensional channel was simulated. The results showed that the simulation is independent of the mesh size as well as the time step. The comparison between experimental data and this simulation showed that our code can give a more accurate simulation on the motion of particlesthan previous DLM code. The code was then applied to simulate the sedimentation of 600 particles in a rectangular box. The falling course ispresented and discussed. At the same time, this simulation also demonstrates that the method presented in this paper can be used for solving the initial problems involving a lager number of particles exaclly with computing durations kept at acceptable levels. 相似文献
740.