铜、镉及其交互作用对泡泡草细胞超微结构的影响

为了解铜、镉对泡泡草根、茎、叶细胞亚显微结构的毒害及作用位点 ,以期为进一步研究鸭跖草属植物的耐重金属机理提供理论基础 ,本文通过透射电子显微技术研究了 75 μmol·L-1铜和 5 0 μmol·L-1镉及其交互污染对泡泡草根、茎、叶细胞超微结构的影响和铜、镉在细胞中的分布 .结果表明 :75 μmol·L-1铜和 5 0 μmol·L-1镉均对泡泡草根细胞造成明显损伤 .铜使根细胞产生质壁分离、细胞质浓缩、部分细胞空泡化 ,使线粒体脊突消失、结构模糊、外膜破坏 ;镉使根细胞空泡化 ,并在部分空泡化的细胞里产生大小不等的颗粒状物 ;铜、镉交互污染使根细胞受害程度加深 ,并兼有两者的受害症状特征 :线粒体结构彻底破坏、空泡化细胞里的颗粒物更大电子密度更高、质壁分离现象更普遍、质膜上的颗粒物沉淀更大 .铜、镉及其交互污染使泡泡草茎细胞产生质壁分离 ,对叶细胞无明显伤害 .所以铜、镉及其交互作用在试验浓度下 ,对泡泡草各器官的损伤程度为根 >茎 >叶 .     

丙溴磷对孤雌生殖海带细胞超微结构的影响

通过对孤雌生殖海带超微结构的观察表明：经过０．６７ｍｇ／Ｌ丙溴磷处理的海带，色素体类囊体断裂、溃烂、溶解、外膜消失，严重者色素体完全解体；内质网组织水肿，囊泡化；线粒华内嵴水肿，数量减少，空泡化，包膜局部破裂，趋于解体，比较各细胞器对丙溴磷的反应，发现色素全是最敏感的细胞器。     

Toxic effects of meothrin on the gill ultrastructure in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

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Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant （Hydrilla verticillata） polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, HydriUa verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. verticillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD （980 rag/L） and decreased with low COD （63 mg/L）, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant ceils from the control experiment （untreated with chitosan） were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution by earthworm

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稀土元素镧对金鱼藻生长生理及细胞叶绿体结构的影响

研究了稀土元素镧（Ｌａ）对金鱼藻（Ｃｅｒａｔｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｄｅｍｅｒｓｕｍ）叶绿素总量、抗坏血酸氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等代谢指标和细胞叶绿体亚显微结构的影响，以及金鱼藻对镧的吸收积累作用．结果表明，短期内低浓度（２—１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的镧对金鱼藻生长有一定刺激促进作用，但随处理时间的延长及处理浓度的提高，抑制作用明显增强，并破坏细胞叶绿体结构；金鱼藻对镧有较强的吸收积累能力     

龟足精子发生和成熟精子的超微结构

对龟足(Pollicipes metella）精子发生和成熟精子的超微结构进行了研究．精子发生属于变态型．细胞由多边形变为椭圆形到长梨形直至弹开成线形；胞核由椭圆形逐渐变长弯曲成U形，最后变为细长形；中期精子细胞出现的椭圆形附属小滴也弯曲成U形，最终成长柱状．早期、中期、后期精子细胞出现核周微管及核囊，核周微管及核囊在成熟精子中消失．精子为前中部带有一个长柱状附属小滴的线状结构(长约36μm)，可分为顶体、颈部、中段和尾部四部分．顶体为锥状(约0．6μm)，顶体后的基体发出轴丝，轴丝纵贯末端．核细长线状(约16μm)．附属小滴长柱状(约8μm)，内有棒状致密斑．核、附属小滴与轴丝并行．鞭毛为典型的“9 2”结构。     

东方香蒲对铜绿微囊藻多糖及亚显微结构的影响

采用东方香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共培养的试验方法研究了东方香蒲对铜绿微囊藻多糖及亚显微结构的影响。结果表明:在质量浓度为20 g/L和40 g/L的东方香蒲化感胁迫下,铜绿微囊藻总糖(TSP)、胞内多糖(IPS)及固着性胞外多糖(bEPS)含量呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,溶解性胞外多糖(sEPS)含量在培养过程中呈现逐渐增加的趋势,表明东方香蒲化感胁迫在前期促进了铜绿微囊藻的多糖合成和分泌,但在培养后期抑制多糖合成,并进一步促进多糖分泌和溶解;在培养后期,藻细胞叶绿素荧光参数包括YⅡ(光系统Ⅱ有效量子产量)、ETR_(max)(线性最大电子传递速率)显著降低,表明东方香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的光合系统产生了明显的化感抑制,光合活性及光合效率明显下降;藻细胞亚显微结构显示,在培养后期,藻细胞类囊体片层分解断裂,表明经过持续地化感胁迫,东方香蒲诱导铜绿微囊藻产生氧化胁迫,藻的光合系统受到严重破坏。东方香蒲使用量越高,藻细胞结构损伤越严重。     

Composite Biofilms grown in Acidic Mining Lakes and assessed by Electron Microscopy and Molecular Techniques

Microbial consortia of composite biofilms, grown in surface water of acidicmining lakes near Lauchhammer, Germany, were investigated. The red-brown colored lake water was acidic (pH 2.5), had high concentrations of Fe(III), Al(III), and sulphate and low concentrations of dissolved organic matter. As a result the abundance of bacteria in the lake is with 10⁴ cells mL^-1 rather low. One input of organic material into the lake are autumnal leaves from trees, growing in the lakeside area. From aliquots of unfixed birch leave biofilms the 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR and community fingerprints were determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Specific bands within the fingerprints were extracted from SSCP gels and sequenced for the taxonomical affiliation.These results were compared with those from the second type of biofilms which were grown on sterile substrata, floating submersed in surface waters of the lakes. By excising the bands from the gel and sequencing the individual bands bacterial taxa, common to both types of biofilms, were found but also some, which were only present in one type of biofilm. Ultrathin sectioned biofilms often showed bacteria associated with electron dense particles as main inorganic constituents. Elemental microanalysis by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) revealed them to contain iron, sulfur and oxygen as main elemental fractions and electron diffraction ring pattern analysis classified them to be schwertmannite. These bacteria and their interactions with each other as well as with the inorganic minerals formed in this lake generally is of great interest, in order to use these results for bioremediation applications.     

Potential histopathological and molecular changes in rat vas deferens inhaled by Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii

Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii released from smoke contaminate indoor environment and consequently adversely affect humans as evidenced by respiratory disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these plants on pathological and biochemical changes in vas deferens of albino rats. Animals were administered 4 g/kg body weight B. papyrifera and B. carterii daily for 120 days along with controls. Significant changes were observed in epithelial cell types and some cells showed signs of degeneration. The ultrastructural studies revealed marked changes in cytoplasmic organelles. Microvilli were missing and lysosomes were found in the cytoplasm. In addition, all treated groups plasma fructose and other biochemical parameters were decreased indicating reduced energy necessary for motility and contractility of spermatozoa. Many spermatozoa were disorganized and agglomerated. Data suggest that smoke from these plants adversely affects vas deferens.