Improving visitor management approaches for the changing preferences and behaviours of country park visitors in Hong Kong

This study identified the changing preferences of country park visitors in Hong Kong and the potential for such changes to have further negative impacts on the ecologically sensitive areas of country parks. A questionnaire was used to collect feedback from 644 country park visitors to understand their preferences and visitation patterns. To investigate visitors’ preferences and behaviours and to develop better visitor management strategies, the survey data were compared with studies conducted 20 years ago. The results showed that the most popular nature‐based activities of 20 years ago, namely, picnicking and barbecuing, have significantly declined in popularity, while other activities, namely, nature studies and nature photography, have surged in popularity in recent years. These changes in visitor preferences have directly increased the negative impacts of visitors on country parks as they dispersed away from the high intensity recreation zones to the ecological sensitive areas. This emerging group of country park visitors has not been fully considered in the existing approach to visitor management and may irreversibly impact the ecological value of country parks. In this study, visitor management in Hong Kong's country parks was reviewed based on these research findings, and potential improvements were suggested.     

基于云模型的城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价方法*

为准确评价城轨信号系统安全保障能力及影响因素,基于云理论对定性与定量因素的良好融合优点,构建城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价云模型及评价指标体系,采用组合赋权法对各指标赋予权重,并基于专家意见,利用正向云发生器生成标准云。结果表明:该云模型具有一定稳定性和可靠性,可对城轨信号系统安全保障能力进行有效测评,同时能够发现安全运营中的缺陷,有助于协助管理方进行针对性改善,以提高城轨信号系统的安全保障能力。     

两种改良型A~2/O工艺处理城市污水的运行实例

以广东省佛山市甲、乙两间污水处理厂为例,从工艺特征、工艺参数、水质特点、存在问题及相应措施几个方面介绍了两种改良型A2/O工艺在不同进水条件下的运行情况。     

饭店绿色竞争力的关键要素与提升路径探讨

饭店的绿色竞争力是企业在提高了绿色化水平后在市场竞争中所表现出来的相对优势。绿色竞争力是企业竞争力的一部分,它主要由绿色技术、绿色管理、绿色产品、绿色人力、绿色营销等五个关键要素构成,并通过这些要素的改进和提高来实现饭店整体竞争力的提升。通过绿色竞争力的提高,可以使饭店在不牺牲环境利益的前提下获得更大、更持续的经营效益。     

惠阳城区降雨径流重金属污染特征研究：Ⅰ.地表堆积物重金属含量分析

以惠阳城区为研究对象,选取4种具有代表性的典型城市功能区类型:工业区、商业区、住宅区、交通区,对其地表堆积物进行样品采集和实验分析.结果表明:地表堆积物细粒部分(粒径<149舯)所占比例为51%,粗粒部分(粒径>2 000um,)所占比例仅4.1%;重金属含量的粒径分级特性和质量分数相似,即粒径越细的部分重金属含量越高;Pb,Zn,Cu.Cr之间的相关系数较高;重金属的浸出浓度在不同的功能区基本遵循同样的规律,即细粒部分重金属浸出浓度最高,随粒径的增大浸出浓度逐减,细粒部分重金属的浸出浓度:w(Pb)为59.1 rag/kg/kg,w(Zn)为93.5 mg/kg,w(Cu)为37.7 ms/ks,w(Cr)为23.9 ms/kg,w(Cd)为0.07 mg,kg.     

绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术

运用生态学原理设计绿色建筑小区已逐渐成为潮流,节水与水资源利用的问题正日益受到关注。绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术集成优化了小区雨水收集与分散处理系统、雨水集中收集与处理系统、雨水渗透系统等技术,具有投资省、处理效果好、管理方便等优点,适合为今后的绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用建设参考。     

城市生态系统承载机制初步研究

文章分析了城市生态系统组成、结构及功能流,立足于资源承载力、环境承载力的角度,探讨了城市生态系统内部资源、环境对人类社会经济活动的承载约束机制,从城市生态系统客观存在性、弹性与扩展性、递阶性及相对性等方面,总结了城市生态系统承载机制的特点,在建立承载机制评价指标框架的基础上,初步提出了承载机制的定量研究方法。     

发达国家城市环境治理的若干经验

发达国家城市环境治理的经验主要有:完善环境保护法律制度,保证治理措施的有效实施;健全环境管理体系,强化环境行政管理;注意推动自愿性行动来保护环境,积极推动公众参与环境治理;运用经济手段,制定激励奖惩措施,提高环境治理的效率;合理划分环境治理权限,建立权威性的管理机构;大量发展环境教育,通过民众环境保护意识,形成民族心理;加大科技投入,注重科技进步,发展环保产业。这些经验及其教训留给人们诸多启示,值得中国学习与借鉴。     

Reflecting ecological criteria in laws supporting the Baja to Bering Sea marine protected areas network case study

Canadian and US marine conservation law, and other related law, was analyzed to determine if it reflected ecological criteria needed to implement connectivity among marine protected areas of the northeast Pacific in the proposed trilateral Baja to Bering Sea (B2B) initiative. The analysis included both nations’ federal laws and those of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and British Columbia. While legal provisions exist already to implement marine protected areas for varying reasons, there is little capacity in most laws to create connectivity among them for conservation purposes. Only California's legislation contained explicit provisions for all the criteria. Other federal, state, and provincial laws, while containing provisions for species at risk and vulnerable habitats, generally lacked explicit provisions for the vital criteria, size of area, migratory patterns, and recruitment patterns. Implementation, future management, and protection of the proposed B2B marine network would be facilitated by amendment of both Canadian and US laws. Some of the ecological criteria are already implied implicitly or vaguely, but they need to be made explicit in the amended law. The legislative model of California could serve as a template for amending the laws of other jurisdictions in the B2B venture.     

城市间空气污染控制的马氏链模型

根据城市间空气污染物相互扩散和无后效性的特点,应用马尔可夫随机过程理论,先建立各城市污染物浓度状态转移方程,再由城市间污染物浓度状态形成一个吸收链。建立城市间污染物排放控制的马氏链模型。通过模型求解,得出了城市间空气污染物浓度达到国家排放标准的条件,最后应用数值计算软件MAT-LAB,编写了一个城市间空气污染控制的通用程序,它能在保证城市空气质量的前提下,快速准确地计算出控制区内各污染源污染物的最大允许排放量,这对环保部门进行城市空气污染物排放量控制工作具有实际意义。