TiO2薄膜光催化剂的制备及其活性

用活化反应蒸发技术制备了不同附载条件的TiO2薄膜光催化剂，膜厚度在0．5μm－1.2μm之间，经400℃退火后用XRD测定其晶型结构，发现无定型TiO2已部分转变为锐钛矿型。薄膜光催化剂连续使用两次活性会下降，用HCl冲洗活性即可恢复。考察了不同波长的电光源和不同辐射强度的太阳光下两种催化剂薄膜的活性比较，结果发现短波长电光源下（254nm）膜厚度以0．5μm最佳，而强烈辐射的太阳光下膜厚度以1.2μm最佳。     

FUTURE SOURCES OF COOLING WATER FOR POWER PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Electric generation facility water requirement will increase substantially in the future in the Western United States because new power plants are to be constructed at inland sites rather than on the coast. At the inland locations, power plants will have to compete with agriculture and public users for fresh water supplies, and will be constrained by environmental legislation to dispose of cooling waste water in lined evaporation ponds. The various options for power plant cooling are analyzed in respect to cost, water consumption, and environmental hazard, and also in respect to their compatibility with existing state and federal regulations. Several proposals for balancing the water requirements of various users in water-scarce areas are reviewed and criticized.     

DEFINING WATERSHED-SCALE EVAPORATION USING A NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX1

Monthly composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVILRR), were transformed linearly into monthly evaporation rates and compared with detailed hydrologic-model simulation results for five watersheds across the United States. Model-simulated monthly evaporation values showed high correlations (mean R²= .77) with NDVI-derived evaporation estimates. These latter estimates, used in a classical water balance model, resulted in equally accurate simulations of monthly runoff than when the model was run to estimate monthly evaporation via soil moisture accounting. Comparison of NDVI-derived evaporation estimates with pan data showed promise for transforming NDVI values into evaporation estimates under both wet and water-limiting conditions without resorting to the application of any kind of calibrated hydrologic models.     

围岩散热计算及壁面水分蒸发的处理

笔者采用湿度系数法对壁面水分蒸发进行了处理,对计算壁面处饱和空气含湿量的方法进行了改进,将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为二次曲线;建立了在考虑壁面水分蒸发情况下解算巷道围岩温度场分布及围岩向风流的散热量的数学方程,并采用异步长有限差分法对其进行了数值模拟求解;解算出巷道壁面水分蒸发情况下围岩温度分布、壁面温度和围岩散热量的变化规律;并与将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为线型关系曲线时的解算结果进行了对比,将饱和空气含湿量和温度之间的关系拟合为线性的计算结果存在一定的误差,通风时间越长,湿度系数越大,风流相对湿度越小,拟合为线性时计算出来的壁面温度和围岩散热量的误差越大。     

Numerical simulation of evaporation of volatile liquids

The paper presents the results of the validation of the developed pool evaporation model using literature and our own experimental data. The proposed model was used to examine the effect of wind velocity and pool sizes on the evaporation rate of volatile liquid (hexane). Contrary to the semi-empirical evaporation model widely used in hazard assessment, stronger dependence of evaporation rate on pool size at low wind speeds is obtained.     

Revised emergency vacuum relief device sizing for atmospheric distillation systems

Conventional vacuum relief methodologies are usually protective responses; that is, they accomplish their purpose by substitution of an inert gas (usually nitrogen) for the process gases removed by an external vacuum source, or for condensable vapour collapsed by an internal process mechanism (e.g. condensation). While this approach is theoretically possible for all potential vacuum scenarios, it becomes practically impossible to implement for installations where a rapid phase change can impart near-instantaneous system pressure reductions. The procedure outlined in this paper takes a preventive approach: eliminate the source of vacuum generation before the safe lower system pressure limit is reached. For distillation and other refluxing systems, this vacuum source is usually the main overhead condenser, which is designed to collapse large volumes of condensable vapour. To eliminate the vacuum source requires elimination of the system's ability to rapidly condense vapour. This goal is accomplished by introduction of inert gas directly into the condensing system to ‘blanket’ the heat transfer surface and stop condensation. The procedure determines the rate, amount and location for introduction of inert gas. The required design data include: (i) system starting pressure, (ii) maximum allowable system vacuum, (iii) volume of the condensing system, and (iv) normal system condensing rate. By determining the rate at which the condenser removes vapour volume from the system, and designing an inert gas delivery system to meet or exceed this rate, the vacuum generation potential of the system is effectively eliminated using a much smaller quantity of inert gas than with the more traditional volume substitution methods.     

制冷装置制冷剂检漏技术的研究

讨论了制冷系统制冷剂的检漏方法,制冷系统安装调试过程中使用的制冷剂压力检漏技术、真空检漏技术以及制冷系统正常运行过程中的制冷剂检漏技术,这些技术对制冷装置的操作与调试人员具有重要的参考价值.     

热泵蒸发及其在浓缩垃圾渗滤液中应用的初探

在热泵蒸发过程中,二次蒸汽压缩比是个至关重要的参数,它直接关系到热泵蒸发的经济程度。对热泵蒸发中的传热过程及可利用的余热作了全面分析。最后对热泵蒸发在浓缩垃圾渗滤液中的应用进行了探讨。     

动力工段的防噪措施

介绍了北京有色金属研究总院建成的钛白粉生产线中，对动力工段噪声的防治措施，并达到了国家标准。     

郑州市地下水均衡场地中渗透仪潜水蒸发规律分析

根据郑州市地下水均衡场1991～1996年地中渗透仪实测资料．分析了潜水蒸发与气象因素、埋深、土壤岩性及降雨入渗的关系。研究表明;潜水埋深较小(不大于1．0m)时,潜水蒸发与水面蒸发在动态分布上显示出极大的相关性;潜水蒸发随埋深增大急剧减弱;毛细上升高度和渗透性结合得比较好的土壤潜水蒸发较大;在埋深较小(不大于1．0m)时．单次集中降雨入渗对潜水蒸发影响显著。