高有机负荷冲击对填料型MBR运行性能的影响

针对分散式农村生活污水有机负荷变化明显的特点,研究了填料型厌氧-缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器（A²O-MBR）抗高有机负荷的能力,考察了高有机负荷冲击对污染物去除效果、悬浮和附着污泥性质以及膜污染的影响.结果表明,高负荷冲击期间污染物去除稳定,氨氮去除率在冲击第3d从99.1%下降到78.5%,出水氨氮浓度高于5mg/L,随后去除率恢复至97.6%;悬浮和附着微生物的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量增加;附着生物量显著增加;细胞外聚合物（EPS）增加;高有机负荷冲击期间膜污染更严重,膜面污染层EPS含量显著增加;太阳能微动力A²O-MBR系统能减少10%的碳排放.     

植物根系质外体溶液的提取方法研究:以多环芳烃为例

根系质外体溶液中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析对于阐明植物根系PAHs吸收运移机制及阻控意义重大.然而,迄今鲜有便捷成熟的植物根系质外体溶液提取方法的报道.为此,本研究以小麦为材料,菲为PAHs的代表,探究了植物根系质外体溶液的真空渗透离心提取方法.结果表明,小麦根系质外体菲提取量随真空度、真空时间、离心速率、离心时间的增加而增大;小麦根系质外体六磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性随真空度、真空时间、离心速率、离心时间的增加而升高.依据质外体溶液受原生质污染程度小于1%且尽量提取完全的原则,真空渗透离心提取法的最佳真空度为70 k Pa,最佳真空时间为10 min,最佳离心速率为3 068 r·min-1,最佳离心时间为15 min.研究结果可为污染物的植物根系质外体运输研究提供有效、简便的方法支撑.     

动态膜压法测定江、污混合水体中有机物含量的探讨

用双驱动动态膜压仪测定江、污混合水中有机物含量。通过测定白龙港污水和长江水混合后的膜压和滞回环面积，用它们与相应的经典法CODCr作图，获得了滞回环面积和CODCr之间良好地线性关系，表明用动态膜压法可快速测定混合水中的有机物含量，不须加任何试剂，不会产生二次污染。同时，对实验结果进行了初步的机理探讨。     

Promotion of hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide to the damage of Alexandrium sp. LC3 by cupric glutamate

The effect of hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide （HDTMAB） on the removal of A lexandrium sp. LC3 under cupric glutamate stress was investigated. Toxic effect of cupric glutamate on A lexandrium sp. LC3 was significantly promoted in the presence of HDTMAB, especially at 3.0 cmc of HDTMAB. It was found that the sulfhydryl group content of the cell decreased, while the malonaldehyde content and membrane permeability increased when A lexandrium sp. LC3 was treated with HDTMAB and cupric glutamate complex, compared with cupric glutamate alone. The data suggest that HDTMAB might stimulate the damage of A lexandrium sp. LC3 by enhancing the membrane permeability.     

恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞壁膜系统的Cu2+吸附性能

对1株从电镀废水中分离出的革兰氏阴性菌恶臭假单胞菌P.putida 5-x的细胞表面组分对Cu²⁺的吸附性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,分离的P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的Cu²⁺吸附容量是完整细胞的5倍之多.细胞表面组分如肽聚糖层、细胞外膜和细胞内膜在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的Cu²⁺吸附过程中都发挥了作用.肽聚糖层、细胞外膜和内膜在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜中的含量依次为细胞内膜>外膜>肽聚糖层,而它们的Cu²⁺吸附容量的大小依次为肽聚糖层>外膜>内膜.在P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜对Cu²⁺的吸附过程中,肽聚糖层贡献了不到15%的吸附容量,而细胞外膜和内膜分别贡献了30%～35%和25%～30%.P.putida 5-x细胞外膜中的磷脂含量明显比其它报道的革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞外膜高,这可能是P.putida 5-x细胞外膜具有较高Cu²⁺吸附容量的主要原因,并由此导致P.putida 5-x细胞壁膜的高Cu2+吸附容量.     

膜吸收器吸收CO2的影响因素研究

采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜吸收器,用水、NaOH和K2CO3 水溶液作为吸收剂进行高浓度CO2 吸收试验,考察了气体流率、吸收剂流率、质量分数以及流动方式对吸收率、传质系数和传质速率的影响.结果表明,随着气体流率增大,CO2的吸收率递减,总传质系数和总传质速率增加.在一定的气体流率下,吸收液流率增大,CO2的吸收率、总传质系数和总传质速率增大;吸收液浓度提高,吸收率增大,总传质系数和总传质速率提高.在气体流率较低时,质量分数为5%和8%的NaOH水溶液为吸收剂时的吸收率、总传质系数和总传质速率比较接近.随着气体流率增大,NaOH质量分数为8%时的吸收率、总传质系数和总传质速率增加的值大大超过NaOH质量分数为5%时增加的值.以水为吸收剂时,气体与吸收剂的流动方式为逆流时的吸收率、总传质系数和总传质速率高于并流时的值.     

分馏塔腐蚀原因分析及预防措施

针对目前炼厂原油性质越来越差,同时装置的生产周期越来越长的状况,结合生产实际对分馏塔顶部腐蚀漏液现象及原因进行了详细对比分析。提出选用合适的耐腐蚀材料、注缓蚀剂等措施,提高了设备的抗腐蚀能力,缓解了分馏塔顶部的腐蚀现象。     

旋转切向流聚丙烯管式膜微滤能耗分析

设计了一种新型旋转切向流聚丙烯管式膜器,实验研究了聚丙烯PA管式膜器的能耗通过建立的旋转切向流强化微滤实验装置系统,测定了聚丙烯PA管式膜器在旋转切向流和轴向流下的膜通量与能量有效利用率.实验结果表明,旋转切向流管式膜微滤比一般轴向流膜微滤的有效利用率要高得多,是一种非常有效的强化膜分离技术在实验条件下,直线切向流膜微滤和圆弧切向流膜微滤的稳态能量有效利用率比轴向流稳态能量有效利用率分别高11.185倍和14.591倍.     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮

研究了硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮，实验用水采用食堂与化粪池混合水，实验装置采用膜生物反应器，进水氨氮在4mg／L左右，出水氨氮值接近0，实验结果表明出水能够达到国家工业冷却回用水的指标要求，同时COD也降至30mg／L以下，能满足回用要求。