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181.
对某省52家焚烧企业(21家生活垃圾和31家危险废物)排放烟气数据进行了分析,结果表明,两类焚烧企业二噁英类17种单体分布有所不同,生活垃圾焚烧烟气中浓度较高的是O8CDD和O8CDF;危险废物焚烧烟气中较大的是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF、2,3,7,8-T4CDD和1,2,3,7,8-P5CDD;两类焚烧企业二噁英类单体对I-TEQ贡献最高的都是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF,贡献率分别为0. 7%~45%和10%~67%;两者的17种二噁英类与I-TEQ的相关性分析表明,1,2,3,7,8-P5CDF在2类焚烧炉中与I-TEQ均存在较高的相关性,其相关系数分别0. 932和0. 927,可以作为潜在的测定指示物。 相似文献
182.
模拟医疗废物在TG-DTA-FTIR上的热失重特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在热重-差热分析仪上对模拟医疗废物分别在氮气和空气气氛中不同升温速率下加热的热失重行为进行了研究,并对升温速率和不同气氛对其热失重行为的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,随升温速率的提高,模拟医疗废物在2种气氛下热失重时挥发分初析出温度(Ts)向高温方向偏移、失重速率峰值(DTGmax)显著增大;在氮气气氛下,物料热失重时有2个失重峰,前后2个峰的失重率分别为31%和59%左右,在空气气氛下,有3个失重峰,前2个峰失重率分别在44%~59%和31%~46%之间.同时,结合同步傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对各个条件下的气体产物进行了定性分析,并对其中的CO、CO2、H2O和CH4进行了定量分析.实验发现,模拟医疗废物在2种气氛下热失重主要阶段的产物种类相似,都检测到了CO2、CO、烷烃类、醛类、羧酸、醇类和烯烃的特征吸收峰.并且,结果显示升温速率和气氛条件对CO、CO2、H2O和CH4的生成量都有影响.在热失重的主要阶段,水分含量随加热时间变化曲线上显示1个向下的峰,说明载气中原有水分参与了反应. 相似文献
183.
我国电子废弃物资源化研究 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
文章分析了我国电子废弃物在回收、管理和利用方面的特性,预测了未来电子废弃物的产生量。研究表明,电子废弃物是具有双重性质的宝贵资源,且未来几年我国将进入电子电器产品淘汰的高峰期,2006年,我国将产生远远超过5.8亿台(部)的电子废弃物,到2010年,电子废弃物产生量将翻一番,达到12.98亿台(部)。鉴于此,建议我国未来的研究中,应重点关注以下几个领域:首先是建立合理的法律监管体系;其次,是建立有效的回收处理体系;最后,应积极鼓励新技术新工艺,特别是清洁生产工艺的研究与开发。 相似文献
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187.
Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources and to estimate the denitrification potential for the predenitrification system using nitrate utilization rate (NUR) batch tests. It is shown that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased with the addition of three external carbon sources, i.e. methanol, ethanol, and acetate, and the denitrification rates of ethanol, acetate, and methanol reached up to 9.6, 12, and 3.2 mgN/(g VSS.h), respectively, while that of starch wastewater was only 0.74 mgN/(g VSS,h). By comparison, ethanol was found to be the best external carbon source. NUR batch tests with starch wastewater and waste ethanol were carried out. The denitfification potential increased from 5.6 to 16.5 mg NO3-N/L owing to waste ethanol addition. By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy. 相似文献
188.
Huangpu River is about 114.5 km from upriver Dianfeng to downriver Wusong,near the estuary of the Yangtze River.It plays a key role in supplying water for production,life,shipment and irrigation.With the industrial development,the pollution of the Huangpu River has become serious recently.The biological oxygen demand (BOD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),oil,phenol and suspended solids (SS) were lower in the upstream sites than in the downstream sites,indicating pollutants being input along its course. Water quality was the worst in the Yangpu site,near the center of Shanghai City.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content was less than 2 mg/L in the site of Yangpu in July.Among relations between thirteen characteristics,relations between BOD,DO,TN,TP,NH_4~ -N, NO_3~--N and the count of total bacteria or Escherichia coli were significant and interdependent.Inner relationships between these main characteristics in the Huangpu River were studied.High nutrient concentration led to growth of microorganisms,including E.coli. Degradation of organic matters and respiration of bacteria made oxygen concentration decreased in the water body,and DO was a key factor for nitrification-denitrification process of nitrogen.In the Yangpu site,DO was decreased to less than 3.0 mg/L with BOD higher than 7.5 mg/L in May and July.Low DO concentration will decrease nitrification rate.Nitrification need at higher DO value than other organic substrate oxidation.Consequently,river water contains low NO_3~--N values with high amounts of TN and NH_4~ -N there.This will block the self-purification of surface water,by decreasing the rate of nitrification-denitrification transformation process in the water body. 相似文献
189.
Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied. 相似文献
190.
三峡库区雷暴气候变化特征分析 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
利用长江三峡库区及其周边地区38个气象站1961~2001年的逐日雷暴资料,统计、分析了三峡库区雷暴日数及其初、终日的时空分布特征。结果表明:41年来,长江三峡库区年平均雷暴日数较多,一般为34~45 d,其中库区西北部和中南部为多雷区;年际变化大,最多年比最少年一般偏多27~61 d;整个库区年雷暴日数的变化均存在不同程度的减少趋势,气候倾向率为 1~7 d/10 a;雷暴出现的季节变化很明显,4~8月为多发时段;雷暴初日库区东部早于西部,终日东西段差别不大;雷暴持续期普遍在195~239 d之间,其中西部持续时间短,东部长;大部地区雷暴初日有推后的变化趋势,推迟速率约2~6 d/10 a;终日有提前的变化趋势,且提前速率为2~4 d/10 a;库区大部雷暴期呈缩短的变化趋势,缩短速率为2~8 d/10 a。 相似文献