太湖和辽河沉积物重金属质量基准及生态风险评估

以太湖、辽河的表层沉积物为研究对象,运用相平衡分配法（EqP）初步探讨了两流域沉积物中4种重金属（Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn）的沉积物质量基准（C_SQC）推荐值,并对两流域沉积物中的重金属进行了生态风险评估. 根据美国国家环境保护局（US EPA）基于水生生物对重金属的最终慢性毒理水平的淡水水质基准,制定了太湖及辽河4种重金属（Cd,Cu,Pb和Zn）的沉积物质量基准推荐值分别为6.42,55.3,20.6和201.5 mg/kg及5.42,52.8,18.9和177.7 mg/kg. 通过与不同国家及地区制定的C_SQC值进行比较,推算出4种重金属的C_SQC值大都接近所有数据的中间值. 从沉积物固相和间隙水相2个不同的角度对沉积物中重金属进行的生态风险评估表明,两流域的大部分区域同步可提取重金属（SEM）与酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）含量的差值大于0,而_i［C_Ti］/［C_SQC,i］值与_i［C_IW,i］/［CCC_i］值均大于1,说明在整体上两流域沉积物中的重金属存一定的生态风险. 由于未考虑各金属元素之间的拮抗或协同等作用以及底栖生物敏感性的问题,所使用的生态风险方法在评价生态风险方面可能会相对有所偏差.      

三相鼓泡塔生物反应器培养黄孢原毛平革菌合成木素过氧化物酶系

利用三相鼓泡塔反应器固定化培养黄孢原毛平革菌，可以高效地合成木素过氧化物酶系，固定化载体为聚氨酯泡沫塑料．实验表明，合成木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的最佳通气量均是1．0vvm。在此通气量下，最大木素过氧化物酶的酶活达367U/L，最大锰过氧化物酶的酶活达4．72U／mL。在使用相同的培养基和固定化载体单位体积用量条件下，与摇瓶培养相比，酶活分别增大1倍和1．2倍．一定条件下，在三相鼓泡塔中可以进行重复间歇培养生产木素过氧化物酶，连续进行了5批培养，每批最大木素过氧化物酶的活力均在250U／L以上，最高酶活出现在第二批为480U／L，总培养时间达22d．图9参15     

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device. ● SEE promotes the soil electrical conductivity and ERH process. ● Preheating soil by ERH improves the soil permeability and SEE. ● Combined method is more energy-efficient for perchloroethylene extraction. In situ thermal desorption (ISTD) technology effectively remediates soil contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, more efforts are required to minimize the energy consumption of ISTD technology. This study developed a laboratory-scale experimental device to explore the coupling merits of two traditional desorption technologies: steam-enhanced extraction (SEE) and electrical resistance heating (ERH). The results showed that injecting high-density steam (> 1 g/min) into loam or clay with relatively high moisture content (> 13.3%) could fracture the soil matrix and lead to the occurrence of the preferential flow of steam. For ERH alone, the electrical resistance and soil moisture loss were critical factors influencing heating power. When ERH and SEE were combined, preheating soil by ERH could increase soil permeability, effectively alleviating the problem of preferential flow of SEE. Meanwhile, steam injection heated the soil and provided moisture for maintaining soil electrical conductivity, thereby ensuring power stability in the ERH process. Compared with ERH alone (8 V/cm) and SEE alone (1 g/min steam), the energy consumption of combined method in remediating perchloroethylene-contaminated soil was reduced by 39.3% and 52.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combined method is more favorable than ERH or SEE alone for remediating DNAPL-contaminated subsurfaces when considering ISTD technology.     

GC-MS检测济南市东部空气中气相与颗粒物上有机污染物

用GDX-101吸附剂和玻璃纤维滤膜(GF)同时采集气相和颗粒物上有机污染物,样品经提取分离后用GC-MS进行定性分析.结果表明,颗粒物上有机污染物的种类和含量都高于气相,工业区空气中有机污染较生活区严重,仍以燃煤、燃油污染为主.     

新型侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子用作毛细柱气相色谱固定液的研究

以合成的新型胆甾酯类侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子作固定液 ,涂渍在弹性石英毛细管柱上 ,具有较高的柱效和选择性 ,热稳定性好 ,适于分离多种异构体混合物。     

Aerosol optical properties derived from imultaneoussunphotometer and aureolemeter measurements in Lhasa

In order to obtain some aerosol properties in Tibetan Plateau atmosphere, simultaneous measurements of aerosols by use of a sunphotometer and an aureolementer were performed in the summer of 1998 in Lhasa(29.65°N, 91.13°E). Optical depth, volume size distribution and phase-function of aerosols were obtained from the measurements. Religious activities can have an effect on optical depth in Lhasa. The daily average aerosol optical depth(λ相似文献   

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

对我国臭氧层保护工作几个疑难问题的探讨

臭氧层保护是当前人类面临的一个重大全球性环境问题。我国保护臭氧层工作取得一定的成就 ,但为了更好地履行国际淘汰义务 ,必须首先解决几个疑难问题 :克服国际技术转让的障碍 ;切实进行进出口管理 ;加强机构间的协调与合作 ;加强对企业的引导并关注中小企业利益。同时还要充分利用现行环境管理法律制度 ,使其在ODS淘汰实践中发挥作用。     

pH、ORP制约的产酸相发酵类型及顶级群落

由于利用效果存在一定差异，不同产酸相发酵类型的末端产物作为产甲烷细菌的底物，影响整个二相厌氧生物处理系统的稳定、高效运行。pH、ORP作为产酸相系统中的非生物因子，在一定程度上影响产酸相发酵类型的形成。本实验采用连续流搅拌槽式厌氧反应器（CSTR）考察并分析了特定pH、ORP组成对产酸相发酵类型决定情况，同时以种群生态学理论为基础，确立了受pH、ORP制约的不同发酵类型的顶级群落及优势种群。     

冷轧镀锌线清洗段含油废水处理工艺探讨

采用气浮分离预处理工艺，处理含油、含碱混合废水，减轻了后序含油废水和酸碱废水处理系统的负荷，提高了净化效率和出水水质。