Shifts in a Pacific Ocean Fish Assemblage: the Potential Influence of Exploitation

Abstract:  As in many regions of the world, marine fishes and invertebrates along the Pacific coast of the United States have long been subjected to overexploitation. Despite this history, however, we lack basic information on the current status of many fishes along this coastline. We used data from a quarter century of fishery-independent, coast-wide trawl surveys to study systematically the demersal fish assemblages along the U.S. Pacific coast. We documented fundamental shifts in this fish assemblage. Average fish size, across a diversity of species, has declined 45% in 21 years. There have been major shifts in the constituent species of the assemblage, with some species achieving annual population growth rates of >10% and others declining in excess of 10% per year. Annual rate of change in population size appeared to be a function of life history interacting with fishing pressure. Negative trends in population size were particularly apparent in rockfish ( Sebastes spp.). However, across all taxa examined, trends in population size were associated with size of maturity, maximum size, and growth rate. Trends in population size were associated inversely with harvest levels, but stocks that mature late tended to decline faster than would be predicted by catch rates alone. Our results are disquieting because they raise the possibility that fishing-induced phase shifts in fish communities may affect the recovery of fishes, even after the implementation of severe fishing restrictions.     

微波辅助-顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度法测定海水中二甲基硫和藻体中二甲基巯基丙酸

建立了海水中二甲基硫和海洋微藻藻体中二甲基巯基丙酸的微波辅助 顶空固相微萃取 气相色谱 脉冲火焰光度检测的分析方法 .二甲基硫的检测限达 0 0 1ng·ml- 1( 3S/N) ,海水和藻体样品多次平行测定的相对标准偏差分别为 3 95 %和 7 32 % .已初步应用于实验室培养的不同生长时期甲藻藻体中二甲基巯基丙酸和培养液中二甲基硫含量的测定 .     

高效简易湿法脱硫技术的试验研究和应用

介绍了三相流化床湿法烟气脱硫技术的热态试验结果及其 1 2 5MW机组全尺寸的工业运行结果。研究分析了一些因素对脱硫效率、除尘效率、系统阻力等参数的影响变化规律。试验与运行结果表明 :其脱硫效率可以达到 85 % ,除尘效率达 98%以上 ,系统阻力在引风机的出力范围内 ,出口烟气不带水。整个系统运行可靠 ,具备了工业应用的条件     

静态混合器在污水处理装置上的应用

介绍了螺旋式管道静态混合器的结构和原理．在PTA污水处理装置上，采用三级静态混合器进行得水混合，代替了均质池加搅拌机的传统混合方法．收到了良好的效果．实现了投资省、耗能低、维修容易、混合效果好的目的．为污水处理领域进行污水混合提供了新的行之有效的方法．     

对资源环境问题的思考——熵率与自然资源的合理利用

自然界中的能量与物质系统的运动是遵循热力学定律的.从熵的角度来看,现在人类开发利用资源的方式,使系统熵增加速,不利于环境系统的有序和稳定.而人类作为智慧圈的主体,是可以通过智慧和知识,向其输入负熵,以延缓熵增速度.目前的形式下,可以采取适当的对策,坚持科学的发展观,实行节约型经济模式,从熵的角度出发寻找高效的新能源,充分利用不可逆过程的建设性作用,通过知识技术的进步提高资源能源的利用率.     

Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (LLE-GCMS)and solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (SPE-GCMS)

Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple, quick and exact analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction (SPE), 1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum (GCMS) in selected ion mode. Mean recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) with values below 50%. For LLE, the recoveries were satisfyingly above 50% for 2-MIB and 80% for GSM. Detection limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB. A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that in the summer, there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of 2-MIB. The highest concentration of 152.82 ng/L appeared in July in raw water, while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold.     

有机酸、碱类污染物分配系数的测定及相关性研究

用反相高效液相色谱(RHPLC)法及振荡法测定了42种环境中常见的有机酸、碱类污染物的分配系数,两种方法的测定值与文献值吻合较好,但RHPLC法快速、准确、样品用量少、测定范围宽、且对样品纯度要求低.测定了苯酚类化合物在环己烷/水、四氯化碳/水、氯仿/水、和苯/水体系中的分配系数,并建立了这四种体系与正辛醇/水体系分配系数的相关方程.     

水中几种有机污染物的SPE-HPLC联用测定技术

酚类及硝基苯是水中一类重要的优先控制污染物。通过对固相萃取 (SPE)技术与高效液相色谱 (HPLC)联用技术的研究 ,得出对于含酚类及硝基苯的水样采用 2 0 0mg的键合硅胶C1 8柱在水样pH值为 3 .0和过柱水样为 40mL时可得到较好的萃取及测定结果 ,从而提出一种对水中酚类物质及硝基苯测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好的分析方法。     

三种海洋微藻生长期脂肪酸组成研究

球等鞭金藻、盐藻和小球藻脂肪酸组成气相色谱分析的结果表明 ,三种海洋微藻在指数生长期总多不饱和脂肪酸含量 (TPUFA)明显比稳定生长期高 ,而总饱和脂肪酸含量 (TSFA)在指数生长期间相对较低。球等鞭金藻的DHA ,小球藻的EPA和盐藻的C18∶3均在培养后的第 6d均达最大值。     

Aerosol optical properties derived from simultaneous sunphotometer and aureolemeter measurements in Lhasa

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