自制固相微萃取装置-气相色谱法测定空气中痕量苯

采用自制的固相微萃取(SPME)装置结合气相色谱仪(GC)对室内空气中痕量苯进行定性和定量的分析。阐述了固相微萃取法的原理和定量的机理;对影响SPME的因素(空气柱、萃取时间、解吸时间和温度)进行了讨论;对所建立的方法进行了系统评价,结果表明:建立的方法具有良好的线性关系(相关系数R=0.9998),检出限为0.01mg/L,3个含量点的相对标准偏差在允许的范围7%以内,回收率为98.18%。     

淮河流域洪涝变化的混沌特征

从功率谱结构,Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数,吸收子维数和可预报时间等方面分析了淮河流域洪涝变化的混沌性质,研究表明淮河流域洪涝变化是一类混沌变化序列,洪涝系统是一类混沌为动力系统,系统时初值极端敏感,长期和不可预测,其可报预时间约为５－６年。     

A tool for estimating the contribution of water-soluble organic compounds to the particle mass and condensational growth in the atmosphere

In this theoretical investigation, we elucidated several factors governing the ability of organic, water-soluble vapours to participate into either the secondary organic aerosol formation or particle condensational growth in the atmosphere. The corresponding requirements for physico-chemical properties of the vapour were estimated. These estimates were also compared with the properties of several difunctional carboxylic acids identified in the atmosphere. Our analysis indicates that while many of the considered compounds are expected to contribute to the total particle mass in the atmosphere, their role in particle condensational growth process remains uncertain. This uncertainty emerges from the fact that the saturation ratio of an organic vapour does not alone determine its ability to act as a “nonvolatile” compound. Instead, the hygroscopic and chemical properties of the vapour, as well as the particle pH and size, have also to be taken into account.     

用固相萃取-HPLC法测定水质中杀菌剂多菌灵的方法研究

用固相萃取法萃取水和废水中的多菌灵,取浓缩纯化后的有机相直接进样到高效液相色谱仪,用二极管矩阵检测器检测,根据保留时间外标法定量.     

铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物的光化学性质及其对天然水相中有机物光降解的作用

本文综述了天然水相（大气水相、地表水等）中Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）－草酸盐配合物的含量与分布、光化学性质、对天然水相中有机物的降解、及其在废水光化学处理中的应用研究及前景。     

Kinetic Study of Naphthalene Biodegradation in Aerobic Slurry Phase Microcosms for the Optimisation of the Process

The research was focused on the slurry-phase biodegradation of naphthalene. The biodegradation process was optimised with preliminary experiments in slurry aerobic microcosms. From soil samples collected on a contaminated site, a Pseudomonas putida strain, called M8, capable to degrade naphthalene was selected. Microcosms were prepared with M8 strain by mixing non-contaminated soil and mineral M9 medium. Different experimental conditions were tested varying naphthalene concentration, soil:water ratio and inoculum density. The disappearance of hydrocarbon, the production of carbon dioxide, and the ratio of total heterotrophic and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were monitored at different incubation times. The kinetic equation that best fitted the disappearance of contaminant with time was determined. The results showed that the isolated strain enhanced the biodegradation rate with respect to the natural biodegradation.     

电晕放电与络合催化联合同时去除烟气中SO_2、NO实验研究

采用电晕放电与液相络合催化协同同时去除烟气中SO2和NO,电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH、SO2和NO初始浓度以及气流量对同时去除SO2和NO效率的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明:NO去除率随着放电电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH的增加而增加,而随SO2和NO初始浓度、烟气流量的增大而减小;SO2去除率也随放电电压,水流量的增加而增加,随烟气流量的增加而下降,但溶液pH,SO2和NO初始浓度和乙二胺合钴浓度对其影响很小.溶液中加入Mn2+和尿素能分别增强SO2和NO的去除效果.最佳条件为:电压25 kV、水流量80 L·h-1,乙二胺合钴浓度0.02 mol·L-1,烟气流量1.0 m3·h-1、尿素浓度0.02 mol·L-1,Mn2+浓度为0.02 mol·L-1时,NO和SO2去除率分别可达68%和94%,对应能量消耗分别为22.2 g·k Wh-1和75.2 g·k Wh-1.     

洋山港潮间带海域重金属相间分布及生物累积分析与评价

洋山港作为上海航运中心的重要组成部分,日益繁忙的港口运营带来的重金属污染可能会对当地生态系统产生影响.因此,本文在洋山港海域采集了水相(溶解态和悬浮态)、沉积物相及生物相的样品,并系统分析了Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg等6种重金属的含量.结果表明,水相中溶解态重金属以Zn和Hg为主,但Zn、Hg、Cd和As在水相悬浮物中的存在比例更高,Cu和Pb则大部分存在于溶解态中;Cd是沉积物相中主要的污染重金属,且对生态风险的贡献最大;Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Hg更倾向分配于悬浮物中而非沉积物中;僧帽牡蛎体内主要检出了Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd等4种重金属,前两者主要是来自海水中溶解态重金属的富集,而后两者则来自于悬浮态重金属的富集.目前,通过食用洋山港潮间带僧帽牡蛎进入人体的重金属的风险较低,但洋山港运营对周边海域造成的重金属污染应该受到密切关注.     

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris L. and toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

Contamination of irrigation water represents a major constraint to Bangladesh agriculture, resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial systems. Lux bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental matrices. While arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake, but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host plant. The study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on lentil (Lens culinaris L. cv. Titore). Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture (50:50, V/V) and watered with five levels of arsenic (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 mg As/L arsenate). The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root infection. On further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil (L. culinaris) plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil leachate. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and shoots. Higher concentrations of arsenic (5, 10 mg As/L arsenate) reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil (L. culinaris) plants overall performance. Moreover the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.     

相移吸收二元性算法用于X射线混合衬度定量显微CT的可行性研究

本文采用相移吸收二元性（PAD）相位恢复算法来实现混合衬度样品内部不同密度组分的定量成像,采用数字模拟和实验研究验证该方法的可行性.模拟结果表明,对于三种不同材料其重构误差均小于1%,且误差值随材料折射率的增大而减小.利用上海光源X射线成像线站开展了实验研究,结果表明用单距PAD相位恢复算法可获取样品的定量信息.与模拟结果相比,实验中的重构精度相对较低,环状伪影可能是影响精度的主要原因.模拟和实验研究过程中,均只采用了一组单距投影数据.可以认为,相移吸收二元性算法可用于混合衬度样品的定量信息分析研究.由于剂量相对较低,应可适合于软组织和骨骼同时存在时生物医学样品的定量相衬CT研究.