建筑围护结构节能与防火体系构建

从围护结构节能与防火一体化思路出发,提倡钢筋混凝土结构保温一体化建筑体系和砌体结构保温一体化建筑体系;尤其主张在我国建筑工业化全面升级的基础上大力开发与推广保温型混凝土预制装配化技术,统一建筑模数,实现标准化与多样化;针对预制装配化保温型混凝土在梁、构造柱等容易出现的冷、热桥问题的部位,创新式提出以相变储能材料与建筑结构相融合来提高建这些部位的热工性能,减少温度梯度;从系统上做到保温与建筑同寿命、免维护、工序少,工期短、耐火等,从而真正实现低碳,构建建筑围护结构节能防火一体化建筑体系。     

喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内气液两相流场的影响

提出了采用数值模拟的方法研究喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内部气液两相流场的影响。由于实际脱硫塔尺寸庞大,给实验研究带来困难且成本很高,在数值模拟平台上,分别模拟了45°、75°和-30°3种喷嘴角度布置下脱硫塔内部速度场、温度场变化以及湍流强度的分布情况。结果表明,在角度为-30°布置时速度场变化不是很剧烈,脱硫塔进出口温差比较理想,湍流强度在脱硫塔底部较大随着塔高的增加缓慢降低,这样有助于气液两相均匀混合,并控制出口烟温,有利于提高脱硫效率。     

不同植茶年龄茶园蒸散速率的日变化——以宜兴市为例

以宜兴市盛道茶场3、9和20 a 3个不同植茶年龄的茶园为研究对象,基于静态箱/红外气体分析仪法,辅以植被生态监测和土壤湿度监测,研究茶园清明采茶前蒸散速率日变化特征。结果发现：（1）3个不同植茶年龄的茶园日蒸散速率变化趋势一致,呈以12〖DK〗∶00~15〖DK〗∶00蒸散速率为峰值的单峰曲线;（2）虽然3 a茶园叶面积指数（LAI）最低,但最大平均日蒸散速率、一日内蒸散速率的极值、6〖DK〗∶00~18〖DK〗∶00最大总蒸散量、一日内不同时段的蒸散速率最大变化幅度均出现在3 a茶园;（3）茶园日蒸散速率与气温的日变化趋势相似,且两者存在极显著相关性（R2=081*〖KG-*2〗*）,在湿润条件下与土壤含水率日变化相关性不明显,但两者呈相反的变化趋势     

Presence of carbamazepine,naproxen, and ibuprofen in wastewater from northern Tunisia

We investigated the occurrence of three pharmaceutical residues in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from northern Tunisia. The selected compounds were carbamazepine, naproxen, and ibuprofen; they are among the most commonly prescribed and widely used pharmaceutical agents worldwide. Samples (200?mL) were pre-concentrated using the solid phase extraction (SPE) enrichment procedure and the analysis of the pharmaceuticals was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). The overall procedure provided limits of detection (LOD) lower than 0.5 µg.L^?1and recoveries of 78–97%. For the carbamazepine compound, the mean concentrations were 60.58, 93.19, and 132 µg.L^?1 for the Bizerte, Jendouba, and Tunis WWTPs, respectively. This pharmaceutical was not detected in the Beja WWTPs. Naproxen and ibuprofens were not detected in the Jendouba WWTP but were found in the three other WWTPs with concentrations ranging from 2.94 to 36.17 µg.L^?1 and from 8.02 to 43.22 µg.L^?1, respectively. From the obtained data, it seems that these WWTPs are not able to eliminate this kind of micro-pollutants.     

广州某地大气中二噁英气/粒相间特征分析——以2012年7月测试为例

选取广州某地大气环境作为研究对象,采用高分辨气质联用色谱对气相、颗粒相中17种二噁英(PCDD/Fs)单体进行分析。结果表明,研究区域大气PCDD/Fs主要集中于颗粒相,且气相和颗粒相中PCDD/Fs均表现出"源"特征。颗粒相中PCDD/Fs单体以OCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、OCDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD为主;气相中PCDD/Fs单体以1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF为主。颗粒相中PCDD/Fs浓度随着氯原子数的增加而增加,气相中PCDD/Fs随着氯原子数的增加而减少。气相中主要毒性贡献单体为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,其与气相总毒性当量浓度的相关系数为0.908;颗粒相中主要毒性贡献单体为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF,与颗粒相总毒性当量浓度的相关系数分别为0.851、0.883。主成分分析结果表明,颗粒相和气相的毒性当量浓度具有相似的分布特征。     

火电机组启动阶段化学监督控制方案浅议

火电机组热力设备的结垢、腐蚀、积盐问题,通常在机组启动阶段最为严重,如何有效防止启动阶段水质劣化对热力系统设备造成的严重危害,是长期以来困扰化学监督工作的一项重要难题。从防止腐蚀、结垢、积盐三个方面,对化学监督控制措施进行系统阐述,形成整套的机组启动阶段化学监督控制方案,经过实践验证行之有效,对解决同类型火电机组启动阶段水质劣化对热力系统设备的危害,具有广泛的应用性。     

LQZ 正压浓相气力输送技术在陡河发电厂的应用

介绍了LQZ正压浓相气力输送技术在陡河发电厂5号炉气力输送系统改造中的应用,分析民气力输送系统改造难点并提出了解决措施,改造后该系统运行稳定、出力大、对煤质及灰量变化适应性强。     

颗粒层中非水相液体污染物冲洗排出速度的数值模拟简

在进行污染土壤的冲洗修复时,模型模拟是极具优势的预测净化效果的方法。本研究分别采用5种粒径的球形玻璃微珠模拟实际土壤,实验考察了玻璃微珠颗粒层中水和非水相液体的排出速度,给出了颗粒层中液含率分布函数,以及最大和最小颗粒层孔隙直径的定义,建立了一个描述颗粒层中水和非水相液体排出速度的多孔介质孔隙毛细管束模型。使用构建的模型模拟水和异辛烷在颗粒层中的排出速度,模拟结果与实验数据有很好的一致性,模型预测结果的平均相对误差小于6.4%,特别是对粒径较小颗粒层,预测的准确性更高。模型可作为进一步研究在非水相液体饱和土壤水冲洗修复时,水和非水相液体排出速度和修复效果的基础。     

Mercaptobenzothiazole-on-gold organic phase biosensor systems: 1. Enhanced organosphosphate pesticide determination

This paper reports the construction of the gold/mercaptobenzothiazole/polyaniline/acetylcholinesterase/polyvinylacetate (Au/ MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc) thick-film biosensor for the determination of certain organophosphate pesticide solutions in selected aqueous organic solvent solutions. The Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc electrocatalytic biosensor device was constructed by encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in the PANI polymer composite, followed by the coating of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) on top to secure the biosensor film from disintegration in the organic solvents evaluated. The electroactive substrate called acetylthiocholine (ATCh) was employed to provide the movement of electrons in the amperometric biosensor. The voltammetric results have shown that the current shifts more anodically as the Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc biosensor responded to successive acetylthiocholine (ATCh) substrate addition under anaerobic conditions in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, KCl (pH 7.2) solution and aqueous organic solvent solutions. For the Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc biosensor, various performance and stability parameters were evaluated. These factors include the optimal enzyme loading, effect of pH, long-term stability of the biosensor, temperature stability of the biosensor, the effect of polar organic solvents, and the effect of non-polar organic solvents on the amperometric behavior of the biosensor. The biosensor was then applied to detect a series of 5 organophosphorous pesticides in aqueous organic solvents and the pesticides studied were parathion-methyl, malathion and chlorpyrifos. The results obtained have shown that the detection limit values for the individual pesticides were 1.332 nM (parathion-methyl), 0.189 nM (malathion), 0.018 nM (chlorpyrifos).     

Determination of etoxazole residues in fruits and vegetables by SPE clean-up and HPLC-DAD

A method for determination of etoxazole residues in apples, strawberries and green beans was developed and validated. The analyte was extracted with acetonitrile from foodstuff and a charcoal-celite cartridge was used for clean-up of raw extracts. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used for the determination and quantification of etoxazole residues in the studied samples. The calibration graphs of etoxazole in a solvent or three blank matrixes were linear within the tested intervals 0.01–2 mg L^?1, with correlation coefficient of determination >0.999. The combined solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and the chromatographic method steps were sensitive and reliable for simultaneous determination of etoxazole residues in the studied samples. The average recoveries of etoxazole in the tested foodstuffs were between 93.4 to 102% at spiking levels of 0.01, 0.10, and 0.50 mg kg^?1, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.8 to 4.7%, in agreement with directives for method validation in residue analyses. The limit of detection (LOD) of the HPLC-DAD system was 100 pg. The limit of quantification of the entire method was 0.01 mg kg^?1.