用于气相色谱分析的样品导入技术及其应用

综述了几种用于气相色谱分析的绿色环保型样品导入技术,如静态顶空技术、吹扫捕集技术、固相微萃取技术和热脱附技术的原理及应用情况,并对这几种方法进行了比较。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法快速同步分析水中硝基苯类及氯苯类化合物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩进样于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点。文章用固相微萃取富集水中9种硝基苯类及5种氯苯类化合物,毛细管气相色谱ECD检测器分离分析,整个分析过程只需25min,检出限可达0.0002~0.02μg/L,已用于地表水、海水与工厂废水中硝基苯类及氯苯类化合物含量的测定。     

新型内构件内循环三相流化床流体力学和氧传质特性的研究

对一种导流筒内置静态混合元件的改进型内循环三相流化床 (MITFB)的流体力学和氧传质特性进行了试验研究。结果表明 :相对于普通流化床 (CITFB) ,MITFB上升区气体含率增大 1 8— 3 7倍 ,体积氧转移系数KLa和氧转移效率EA 值平均增大 72 5 % ;而液体循环流量则减小了 2 5 6 %— 37 0 %。上升区气含率和液体循环流速可分别用Fan公式和Chisti公式预测 ,并求出了相应的参数     

The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale

This work considers the applicability of conservative tracers for detecting high-saturation nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) entrapment in heterogeneous systems. For this purpose, a series of experiments and simulations was performed using a two-dimensional heterogeneous system (10x1.2 m), which represents an intermediate scale between laboratory and field scales. Tracer tests performed prior to injecting the NAPL provide the baseline response of the heterogeneous porous medium. Two NAPL spill experiments were performed and the entrapped-NAPL saturation distribution measured in detail using a gamma-ray attenuation system. Tracer tests following each of the NAPL spills produced breakthrough curves (BTCs) reflecting the impact of entrapped NAPL on conservative transport. To evaluate significance, the impact of NAPL entrapment on the conservative-tracer breakthrough curves was compared to simulated breakthrough curve variability for different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Analysis of the results reveals that the NAPL entrapment has a significant impact on the temporal moments of conservative-tracer breakthrough curves.     

几种金属离子液相催化氧化低浓度H2S实验研究

用液相催化氧化法对低浓度H2S净化进行实验研究.实验结果表明,对H2S浓度在1500-2500mg/m3之间,氧含量为5%的H2S尾气,Fe+、Zn2+和Mn2+在液相中对H2S具有催化氧化作用,其催化性能大小顺序为Fe2+＞Zn2+＞Mn2+,且Fe2+催化性能远远大于其他两种离子;用Fe2+作催化剂,溶液的净化效率可达99%以上,且硫容量也较大,对低浓度H2S的净化相当有利.     

混沌理论在事故分析及预测中的应用

在对江苏常州市某公司安全事故资料进行大量调查与统计的基础上,应用混沌理论分析了该公司安全事故的混沌特征,指出了事故对初始条件的敏感依赖性和事故的长期不可预测性。应用重构相空间理论对安全事故次数的时间序列进行了分析和预测。同时,还对安全事故统计资料进行了R/S分析,得出该时间序列以2 0 0 1年6月为界限,存在两个Hurst指数,H1=1.6 82 8和H2 =0 .2 936 ,表明在以3个月为时间统计尺度的条件下,事故发生次数在前一时间段整体表现为持久相关性,而在后一时间段表现为反持久相关性。预测与分析结果与实际情况符合较好,表明应用混沌理论进行事故分析与预测是可行的,反映了事故的发展趋势。     

PCM thermal conductivity effect on mechanism of PV/PCM thermal control characteristics

ABSTRACT

According to the structure of photovoltaic/phase change material (PV/PCM), the mechanism of internal heat transfer, transmission, storage, and temperature control is analyzed, and a two-dimensional finite element analysis model of PV/PCM structure is established. This study is carried out on the effect of PCM thermal conductivity on internal temperature distribution characteristics of PV/PCM and temperature control characteristics of solar cells. The results show that the increase in thermal conductivity of PCM can prolong the temperature control time of solar cell in PV/PCM system, for example, when the thermal conductivity is increased from 0.2 W/(m·K) to1.5 W/(m·K) under a thickness of 4 cm, the duration when PV/PCM solar cell temperature is controlled below 40°C and extended from 52 min to 184 min. In addition, PV/PCM experimental prototypes are designed with the LA-SA-EG composite PCM peak melting point of 46°C and thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m·K) and 1.1 W/(m·K), respectively. The results indicate that compared with PCM-free solar cells, the maximum temperature of PV/PCM prototype solar cells with thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m·K) and 1.1 W/(m·K) is reduced by 10.8°C and 4.6°C, respectively, with average output power increased by 4.1% and 2.2%, respectively, under simulated light sources. Under natural light conditions, the average output power is increased by 6.9% and 4.3%, respectively. The results provide theoretical and experimental basis for the optimization of PV/PCM design by changing the thermal conductivity of PCM.     

固相萃取—气相色谱法测定水样中痕量正构烷烃的研究

以正构烷烃为目标化合物,研究了影响固相萃取效率的某些因素,采用双柱串联模式评价了固定相的保留效果,探讨了有机改性剂对固相萃取效率的重要影响及作用机理,建立了水样中痕量正构烷烃的分析方法.在实验条件下,对于正构烷烃含量为250(g/I的水样,方法的平均回收率为98.5%,相对标准偏差为9.9%(n=5).     

固定相光催化氧化技术的研究与进展

叙述了近年来国内外固定相光催化氧化技术的研究成果，讨论了光催化氧化技术的机理和动力学规律、催化剂载体及催化剂固定方法、影响因素等，并对固定相光催化氧化技术的发展方向进行了探讨。     

中国北方草原雪灾的致灾机制探讨

北方草原雪灾是天灾 ,更是一种人祸。受拉尼娜事件影响的异常气候固然是致灾的客观原因 ,但是不合理的人类经济活动 ,如超载放牧、耕地过垦、滥挖草药、滥用水资源等社会经济压力 ,超过了草原生态阈限 ,使脆弱的草原生态平衡遭到严重破坏 ;粗放经营 ,草原基础设施落后 ,也使草原生态系统抵御灾害的能力降低 ;草原公有、牲畜私有之间的所有制相位差是激发牧民掠夺式利用草原资源的最根本原因。为了追求私人经济利益的最大化 ,放牧者往往置公共草原的承载能力于不顾 ,严重恶化的草原生态环境也许正是“公共物品悲剧”的真实写照。