去除生活废水及污泥中病毒的研究

从生活废水中病毒的处理着手，通过实验测定病毒蚀斑形成数量(PFU)，说明了生活废水中病毒数量的非恒定性和病毒易与污泥吸附的特性，以及常规废水处理方法对它们杀灭效率的不一致性，并分析了废水处理过程中几种杀灭病毒的方法，以及它们的不同效率和杀灭病毒的原理，探讨城市污水处理中病毒去除的几种方法。     

信息社会中的城市环境保护问题

在信息社会，城市将面临自然环境和信息环境的双重环境保护问题，自然环境的污染包括电磁污染，废旧光盘污染、高科技型污染等；信息环境的污染主要包括信息病毒和信息垃圾。与自然环境污染相比，信息环境的污染有其身特点，这些特点决定着信息环境与自然环境保护的不同，应引起有关方面的重视。     

转bar及NIa基因白菜的田间生物学及经济性状调查

对转入除草剂抗性基因bar及来自病毒TuMV的／VIa基因的不结球白菜纯合株系二代进行了田问生物学性状调查,结果表明，转基因白菜的植物学性状与其未转基因对照材料相比，无明显差别；但在涉及其生存竞争力的一些生物学性状，如发芽势、花粉活力、种子库存力等方面，比对照材料弱，其经济性状也比对照稍差．获得的转基因性状——除草剂抗性，能稳定遗传，并在田间很好表达；NIa基因介导的TuMV抗性在露地开放栽培条件下，不能很好表达，转基因株染病较重．对产生以上现象的原因进行了分析讨论．图3表5参16     

对虾暴发性流行病的病因及预防对策分析

本文报告了用电子显微镜对１９９３年对虾暴发性流行病的病原观察结果，确认带包膜的杆状病毒是造成虾病暴发流行的病原。借鉴东南亚各国养虾的经验教训，分析了这次虾病的流行原因是海水富营养化。并结合作者多年从事对虾病害研究工作的实践，讨论了预防对虾暴发性流行病的对策。     

病毒对地下水的入侵风险与防控对策浅析

病毒可能会成为人类未来的“头号公敌”,全球地下水病毒污染事件频繁发生,因此,病毒对地下水的影响和防控逐渐受到国际重视.为进一步了解地下水病毒入侵,通过文献检索调研,分析了病毒进入含水层的途径、在地下水中迁移的限制性因素、在多孔介质中的转化过程,总结了地下水病毒入侵防控相关方法、技术、政策,探讨了风险防范意识有待加强、地下水病毒科学研究存在短板、应急防控与预警能力不足等问题及挑战.参考国内外相关研究成果和实践经验,初步提出地下水病毒入侵风险防控对策建议:①源头排查风险,防患于未然.在地下水饮用水水源地保护区及补给区,排查防疫类污染源渗漏情况,经过化学或高温消毒后再使用农村地下水饮用水、生活用水.②加强地下水饮用水水源地病毒调查研究.研究病毒在土壤及地下水中的存活能力、迁移转化机制、环境行为特征、模拟预测技术、健康风险评价方法,制定相关规范、指南.③筹划应急防控对策.做好地下水应急监测预警、饮用水消毒处理、环境质量信息公开等相关准备工作,制定地下水饮用水水源地病毒应急防控预案.      

Effects of Invasive Parasites on Bumble Bee Declines

Abstract: Bumble bees are a group of pollinators that are both ecologically and economically important and declining worldwide. Numerous mechanisms could be behind this decline, and the spread of parasites from commercial colonies into wild populations has been implicated recently in North America. Commercial breeding may lead to declines because commercial colonies may have high parasite loads, which can lead to colonization of native bumble bee populations; commercial rearing may allow higher parasite virulence to evolve; and global movement of commercial colonies may disrupt spatial patterns in local adaptation between hosts and parasites. We assessed parasite virulence, transmission mode, and infectivity. Microparasites and so‐called honey bee viruses may pose the greatest threat to native bumble bee populations because certain risk factors are present; for example, the probability of horizontal transmission of the trypanosome parasite Crithidia bombi is high. The microsporidian parasite Nosema bombi may play a role in declines of bumble bees in the United States. Preliminary indications that C. bombi and the neogregarine Apicystis bombi may not be native in parts of South America. We suggest that the development of molecular screening protocols, thorough sanitation efforts, and cooperation among nongovernmental organizations, governments, and commercial breeders might immediately mitigate these threats.     

Summary of efficacy evaluations using aerially applied Gypchek® against gypsy moth in the U.S.A.

Abstract

Gypchek^®, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, is manufactured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under controlled conditions in a laboratory strain of gypsy moth larvae. Gypchek was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978 as a general use pesticide to control gypsy moth. This product has been the subject of intense research and development targeted toward maximizing efficacy while minimizing the cost of production and application. The current Gypchek tank mix is applied at 1.25 × 10¹²occlusion bodies (OB's) per hectare for each of two applications (3‐days apart) at 18.7 litres/ha per application.     

混合基质3D打印可见光催化系统对病毒气溶胶的去除

利用3D打印灵活可控的特点和复合材料混合打印的优势，将可见光响应的ZnO/g-C₃N₄催化剂掺入ABS塑料，利用3D打印制成催化剂均匀稳定分布的光催化系统，使用流体动力学仿真模拟对反应器结构进行优化设计，用于处理相对密闭的室内空间中的病毒气溶胶.结果表明，病毒气溶胶比细菌气溶胶具有更强的抗逆性，添加螺旋导流板可以显著提升反应器传质性能并有效改善系统光催化效果，以提高对病毒气溶胶的去除率.以商业LED灯为光源的螺旋式反应器对高浓度病毒气溶胶（MS2、PhiX174噬菌体）和细菌气溶胶（大肠杆菌）具有高效去除效果，在3.75min停留时间可以实现对气溶胶的完全去除.     

An integrated modelling approach to assess the risk of wind-borne spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected premises

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock that has serious consequences on livestock production and trade. In Australia, preparedness and planning includes the development of decision-support tools that would assist priority setting and resource management in the event of an incursion. In this paper we describe an integrated modelling approach using geographic information system (GIS) technology to assess the risk of wind-borne spread of FMD virus. The approach involves linking an intra-farm virus production model, a wind transport and dispersal model, and an exposure-risk model to identify and rank farms at risk of wind-borne infection of FMD. This will assist authorities by enabling resources for activities like surveillance and vaccination to be allocated on the basis of risk.     

非稳态微生物污染物在建筑群内迁移的数值模拟

随着城市化进程的加快和城市中心人口密度的激增,微生物污染问题成为人们关注的热点.本文利用病毒群体动力学演化模型研究非稳态微生物污染的产生过程,并将模型结果作为非稳态污染源的源强引入污染物对流扩散方程.假设没有继发性感染,研究致病性微生物污染源对建筑群环境的影响,得到了建筑群表面及周围污染物浓度随时间的变化规律.假定致病感染浓度,得到了微生物污染源的影响范围,这为控制污染物扩散和建立致病微生物污染预警系统提供了理论指导.