氯消毒新工艺对大肠杆菌灭活作用的研究

研究了短时游离氯后转氯胺的联合消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活作用,并对其协同作用以及pH值和温度对协同作用的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：pH值在6．5～8范围内,温度不超过30℃时,短时游离氯后转氯胺的消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活具有协同作用,且随pH值的降低而加强,在低温下该方法的协同效果更加明显。     

以造粒粉煤灰为过滤介质去除景观水中磷的研究

研究了造粒粉煤灰的最大磷吸附量、磷吸附速率等吸附特征,以及颗粒粒径、磷浓度、水力负荷对景观水除磷效果的影响。还进行了为期21天的连续过滤试验,发现滤床在高水力负荷条件下能持续地去除景观水中的磷。     

山西省水资源综合开发利用的重点与途径

山西省是缺水的能源大省。从地表水、地下水、过境水和边界水等不同利用类型水体的开发利用 ,以及节约用水、污水净化和废水的重复利用等五个方面 ,论述了山西省水资源综合开发利用的重点与途径。     

ESTIMATING REGIONAL SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT WITH A SIMPLE SIMULATION MODEL1

A simple simulation model designed to monitor snow-packs of the central Sierra Nevada is described. The model estimates average snow water equivalent for rectangular subregions in the area. Static subregion characteristics, daily precipitation and mean and minimum air temperatures measured at three index stations are the only needed input values. A water balance technique simulates daily snowpack changes in each subregion. Reasonable basinwide water equivalent values are produced. The procedure should be useful for estimating snow water distribution in large mountainous watersheds.     

GIS在水污染控制中的研究与探讨

地理信息系统(GIS)是专门用于地理空间信息处理和管理的计算机技术系统，造成城市水污染的污染源及其相关数据均具有空间分布特性，这决定了GIS可在该领域发挥重要作用。GIS能支持与水环境有关的地理空间数据的获取、管理、分析、模拟和显示，以解决复杂的水环境综合治理问题和水污染控制问题；同时，建立完善的空间数据库和属性数据库，为环境保护部门和科研部门提供研究与决策支持。本文就GIS在水污染控制这一领域的应用做一定探讨。     

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST1

ABSTRACT. The water resources manager, concerned with providing for citizen needs for water in all its varied aspects, is obliged to consider the public interest in his decision making. But the public interest, although inferring the superiority of public over purely private interests, is more of a concept of political ethics than an operational objective. Recent attacks on water resources developments place in question just how responsive the water resources manager has been to the public at large during the planning process. The recent broadening of planning objectives beyond economic efficiency to include greater attention to social goals is an encouraging development. Efforts should be expanded toward greater citizen participation and more attention should be given to sampling surveys to determine citizen attitudes on water resources proposals. In the last analysis, the decision-making process must combine the expertise of the water resources manager and the participation of the people through the political process.     

New consumer roles in waste water management

Network‐bound systems such as water and energy systems are increasingly confronted with environmental problems that cannot be solved without changing their modes of provision. More than any other flow provided through a network‐bound system, the waste water flow comes very close to intimate personal and social life, complicating the introduction of environmental innovations in this sector. Using the concepts of trust and identity, questions concerning changing consumer roles in two cases of Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse Systems in the Netherlands are addressed. In both cases the building of trust within provider networks and between consumers and providers, as well as the possibility for consumers and providers to identify themselves with the aims of the project were key factors determining the success or failure of environmental innovations in waste water flows.     

MEASURED AND PREDICTED VELOCITY AND LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION AT STEAI)Y AND UNSTEADY FLOW,COLORADO RIVER,GLEN CANYON DAM TO LAKE MEAD1

ABSTRACT: The effect of unsteadiness of dam releases on velocity and longitudinal dispersion of flow was evaluated by injecting a fluorescent dye into the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and sampling for dye concentration at selected sites downstream. Measurements of a 26-kilometer reach of Glen Canyon, just below Glen Canyon Dam, were made at nearly steady dam releases of 139, 425, and 651 cubic meters per second. Measurements of a 380-kilometer reach of Grand Canyon were made at steady releases of 425 cubic meters per second and at unsteady releases with a daily mean of about 425 cubic meters per second. In Glen Canyon, average flow velocity through the study reach increased directly with discharge, but dispersion was greatest at the lowest of the three flows measured. In Grand Canyon, average flow velocity varied slightly from subreach to subreach at both steady and unsteady flow but was not significantly different at steady and unsteady flow over the entire study reach. Also, longitudinal dispersion was not significantly different during steady and unsteady flow. Long tails on the time-concentration curves at a site, characteristic of most rivers but not predicted by the one-dimensional theory, were not found in this study. Absence of tails on the curves shows that, at the measured flows, the eddies that are characteristic of the Grand Canyon reach do not trap water for a significant length of time. Data from the measurements were used to calibrate a one-dimensional flow model and a solute-transport model. The combined set of calibrated flow and solute-transport models was then used to predict velocity and dispersion at potential dam-release patterns.