Fenton试剂加硫酸处理高浓度含酚废水的研究

研究了硫酸、Fenton试剂对酚的催化降解作用，证实了硫酸与Fenton试剂对酚的催化降解具有协同作用。H_2SO_4－Fenton试剂对高浓度含酚废水的处理结果说明，在Fenton试剂中加入硫酸可大大增加其对酚的降解能力。与单独的Fenton试剂法比较，当H_2O_2∶COD（重量比）＜0．8时，本法对COD≥14000mg／L含酚废水COD去除率可提高40％以上，对高浓度含酚废水具有很好的处理效果。     

Acid Orange 7 degradation using methane as the sole carbon source and electron donor

• AO7 degradation was coupled with anaerobic methane oxidation. • Higher concentration of AO7 inhibited the degradation. • The maximum removal rate of AO7 reached 280 mg/(L·d) in HfMBR. • ANME-2d dominated the microbial community in both batch reactor and HfMBR. • ANME-2d alone or synergistic with the partner bacteria played a significant role. Azo dyes are widely applied in the textile industry but are not entirely consumed during the dyeing process and can thus be discharged to the environment in wastewater. However, azo dyes can be degraded using various electron donors, and in this paper, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation performance is investigated using methane (CH₄) as the sole electron donor. Methane has multiple sources and is readily available and inexpensive. Experiments using ¹³C-labeled isotopes showed that AO7 degradation was coupled with anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and, subsequently, affected by the initial concentrations of AO7. Higher concentrations of AO7 could inhibit the activity of microorganisms, which was confirmed by the long-term performance of AO7 degradation, with maximum removal rates of 8.94 mg/(L·d) in a batch reactor and 280 mg/(L·d) in a hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HfMBR). High-throughput sequencing using 16S rRNA genes showed that Candidatus Methanoperedens, affiliated to ANME-2d, dominated the microbial community in the batch reactor and HfMBR. Additionally, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria bacteria (Phenylobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Geothermobacter) improved after AO7 degradation. This outcome suggested that ANME-2d alone, or acting synergistically with partner bacteria, played a key role in the process of AO7 degradation coupled with AOM.     

基于SBR反应器的ANAMMOX工艺的启动运行

采用SBR反应器,接种好氧硝化污泥,在142 d内于较高负荷下成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器.反应器总氮容积负荷(以N计)为0.43 kg/m3·d,总氮去除率最高达到93.3%,平均为80.5%;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率最高达到93.9%和99.8%,平均去除率为81.2%和85.7%.在稳定运行阶段,氨氮去除量、亚硝酸盐氮去除量、硝酸盐氮生成量三者之间的比值为1:1.38:0.18.反应器启动过程中,出水、进水pH差值的变化趋势由负到正,然后稳定在一定范围内;且污泥性状有较大变化,污泥中微生物所占比率有所提高,整个反应器中适应厌氧氨氧化运行方式的菌种增殖较快.     

Quantity and activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria and their contribution to ammonia oxidation in farmland soil of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the activities of AOA and AOB in soil and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation are unclear, and whether there is a significant correlation between the quantity of AOA and AOB and the ammonia oxidation rate is also controversial. In this study, quantitative PCR combined with acetylene (C2H2) and 1-octyne inhibition methods were used to determine the quantity and activity of AOA and AOB in wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape soils in Nyingchi, Lhatse, Sangzhuzi, and Sangri counties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the quantity of AOB ((2.34 ± 0.84) ×105 - (2.65 ± 1.07) ×106 copies g-1 dry soil) was significantly higher than that of AOA ((0.20 ± 0.10) ×104 - (4.02 ± 0.39) ×104 copies g-1 dry soil) in all the soil samples. Soil pH was the key factor affecting the quantity of AOB, and the total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the key factors affecting the quantity of AOA. The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse (2.42 ± 0.73 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangzhuzi (3.24 ± 1.15 mg kg-1 d-1) were significantly higher than those in the soils of Nyingchi (1.17 ± 0.43 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangri counties (0.88 ± 0.57 mg kg-1 d-1). The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse and Sangzhuzi were dominated by AOB, while those in the farmland soils of Nyingchi and Sangri counties were dominated by AOA. For crops, the ammonia oxidation rates of wheat and oilseed rape soils in all four regions were significantly higher than those of highland barley soil, whereas the activity of AOA and AOB was not influenced by crops. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was the key factor influencing AOA activity, whereas soil pH and total carbon were the main factors influencing AOB activity. Additionally, the quantities of AOA and AOB were not significantly correlated with the total ammonia oxidation rates and AOA and AOB activity. Overall, our study suggests that both AOA and AOB play important roles in ammonia oxidation in farmland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it is unreliable to predict the activity of AOA and AOB and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation directly based on their number of amoA genes, and the activity of AOA and AOB should be directly and accurately measured. These results are important for understanding ammonia nitrogen removal processes, slowing nitrate loss, and reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in the farmland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Semi-closed synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen Co-doped mesoporous carbon for selective aqueous oxidation

Heteroatom-doped meso/micro-porous carbon materials are conventionally produced by harsh carbonization under an inert atmosphere involving specific precursors, hard/soft templates, and heteroatom-containing agents. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of N and O co-doped meso/micro-porous carbon (NOMC) by template-free carbonization of a small-molecule precursor in a semi-closed system. The semi-closed carbonizaiton process yields hydrophilic NOMCs with large surface area in a high yield. The porous structure as well as the elemental composition of NOMCs can be modulated by changing the holding time at a particular temperature. NOMCs as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts can selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol and its derivatives into aldehydes/ketones with>85％conversion in aqueous solution, which is much higher than that of the control sample obtained in tube furnace (21％conversion), mainly due to their high N content, high percentage of pyridinic N, and large surface area. The presence of O-containing moieties also helps to improve the hydrophilicity and dispersion ability of catalysts and thus facilitates the mass transfer process during aqueous oxidation. The NOMC catalysts also dispayed excellent activity for a wide range of substrates with a selectivity of>99％.     

超低排放燃煤电厂中湿式电除尘器对可凝结颗粒物排放特性的影响

为了解不同负荷下超低排放燃煤电厂中湿式电除尘器（WESP）对可凝结颗粒物（CPM）排放特性的影响,基于US EPA Method 202搭建了CPM采样装置,分析了某安装有WESP的超低排放燃煤电厂烟气中CPM的排放水平,评估了机组负荷对CPM排放浓度的影响以及WESP对CPM中各组分的脱除效率．结果表明,在75%负荷和100%负荷条件下,超低排放电厂CPM的排放量分别为27.27 mg·m^-3和28.71 mg·m^-3,WESP对CPM的脱除效率分别为35.59%和27.59%.SO₄^2-是CPM中水溶性离子的主要成分,在不同负荷条件下SO₄^2-在CPM中无机组分的质量分数达到了65%以上;WESP对于CPM中Cl^-、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺等无机离子的脱除效率可以达到30%～50%,但会使CPM中SO₄^2...     

Fenton法处理类长填龄渗滤液的氧化和絮凝作用

采用Fenton法对难降解的类长填龄渗滤液进行处理,考察其氧化和絮凝作用对有机物去除的贡献. 结果表明:以COD_Cr去除率最大为目标,试验在最优条件下,c(H₂O2)/c(Fe2+)为7.0,Fe2+投加量(c(Fe2+))为60　mmol/L,pH为3.0,此时COD_Cr总去除率为60%;其中氧化作用去除率为44%,氧化和絮凝作用的效率比为2.7. c(H₂O₂)/c(Fe2+),c(Fe2+)和pH的变化对氧化和絮凝作用有明显影响,氧化作用对COD_Cr去除率随H₂O₂投加量增大而增大.絮凝作用对COD_Cr的去除率不仅受Fe2+投加量直接影响,随其增加而增大;还间接受氧化作用去除率影响,氧化作用去除率越大,剩余有机物大分子所占比例降低,絮凝作用对有机物的去除率越低.      

Carrousel 2000 氧化沟工艺中前置缺氧池与厌氧池的微生物多样性分析

2005年4—8月采集了Carrousel 2000氧化沟工艺调试过程中缺氧池和厌氧池中的活性污泥样品,直接提取样品的基因组DNA并纯化,对细菌16S rDNA的V₃高变区进行PCR扩增和DGGE分离,通过比较DGGE指纹的相似性来研究氧化沟的调试过程中微生物的变化情况. 结果表明,缺氧池中戴斯系数(Cs)最大值:4月为68.2%,5—6月为57.7%,8月为83.6%;厌氧池中Cs最大值:4月为64.8%,5—6月为62.7%,8月为71.5%. 缺氧池与厌氧池的微生物多样性均表现为先减少后增加的趋势. 两池间的微生物种群相似性逐渐降低,启动初期(4月)Cs最大值为80.5%;调试中期(5—6月)Cs最大值为60.8%;调试后期(8月)Cs最大值为59.3%. 好氧接种污泥在缺氧池和厌氧池中的驯化期为4个月左右.      

纸基复合包装中铝塑分离的湿法工艺条件研究

纸基复合包装中的纸基部分通过水力碎浆分离后可直接用于生产再生纸. 其铝塑部分由1层0.02～0.03 mm厚的铝箔和2层0.03～0.08 mm厚的低密度聚乙烯膜层压复合而成,主要对铝塑的湿法分离进行研究.比较了甲酸、乙酸、盐酸3种剥离剂的分离效果; 用甲酸作为铝塑剥离剂时, 考察了剥离剂的浓度、反应温度、液固比及破碎尺寸对铝塑分离的影响; 根据铝塑分离时间、分离率、铝的损失率等指标,通过正交试验及方差分析优化铝塑分离的工艺条件. 结果表明,甲酸分离铝塑的最优条件: 剥离剂浓度为4 mol/L, 反应温度为60 ℃,液固比为60 L/kg, 破碎尺寸为5 cm×5 cm. 在该条件下, 铝塑的分离率达到100%.      

氧化-微絮凝-高速过滤应用于再生水生产的研究

以中国北方缺水地区污水再生利用为目标,采用常规滤料双层过滤探讨高速微絮凝、氧化过滤再生水处理技术,试验通过不同的滤料级配、滤层厚度的对比试验;采用3种混凝剂和3种助凝剂做筛选试验,发现采用1#混凝剂,HFO助凝剂做絮凝氧化剂效果较理想,得出高速微絮凝氧化过滤工艺处理城市污水厂二级出水的工艺是可行的。试验装置的滤池单位面积周期产水量为50m3/(m2.h),最佳工艺条件下出水浊度去除率为92.21%,平均浊度为0.889NTU;COD去除率为55.58%,平均为22.33mg/L;PO34--P去除率为84%,平均为0.135mg/L;色度去除率为80.7%,平均为1.45度,完全符合GB/T18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水质》要求。