环境医学：人类生存发展战略的大课题

文章用大量翔实数据，分析论证：人类由于淡化环境意识，坚持急功近利的片面发展观，造成整个地球环境质量正在全面下降和恶化，全球已有１／５的人口受到环境污染之害的基点上，作者提出了只有跳出以自我生存为中心的狭隘圈，确立发展环境医学为主体的预防医学战略，并提示要遵循中国古代强调的“天人合一”论概念和钱学森提出的“开放的巨系统方法论”在当代科技领域进行“天地生人巨系统的综合集成研究”，树立“天地与我并生，万物与我同运”的自然生态观，为创建“生物心理社会自然”为模式的全科新医学，这是实现２１世纪“人类健康工程”的开拓性目标。     

岷江干流（成都段）水体污染防治对策研究

本文通过对岷江干流（成都段）地表水和地下水的综合研究，分别提出了地表水污染防治对策和地下水水质防护措施，划分出了地表水防治不同时期的目标以及地下水开采管理目标。     

河流水质灾害中的S—P方程稳态分析和临界氧亏计算

污染物对水环境的影响主要发生在枯水期，此时水流状态处于稳态．Streeter－phelps（S－P）方程能预测简单稳态条件下的水质状况，并具有较高的计算织亏的精度．     

物元分析法在大气环境质量评价中的应用

应用物元分析方法构建大气环境质量的综合评价模型，并将该方法用于唐山市大气环境质量评价中，获得了与实际情况基本符合的评价结果。     

Analysis of Lower Green Bay and Fox River,Collingwood Harbour,Spanish Harbour,and the Metro Toronto and Region remedial action plan (RAP) processes

This article presents a model of remedial action planning, which includes four key variables that determine progress in plan development and implementation and explain the differing level of achievement in individual sites. The model is illustrated by the characteristics and developments of four remedial action plan (RAP) processes (Lower Green Bay and Fox River, Collingwood Harbour, Spanish Harbour, and the Metro Toronto and Region RAPs). Differences in the local context of the plans have, to a significant degree, predisposed individual planning and implementation experiences. Local context includes three variables, namely geographical—technical and sociopolitical aspects and the previous history of water pollution management in the area. RAP precursors are a necessary precondition for progress in planning and substantive achievements. While there is a tendency that most geographically focused RAPs in administratively simple areas accomplish most, the motivation and political clout of RAP participants are strongly intervening factors. Resource input from upper levels of government, in particular financial commitment for plan implementation, is the fourth necessary ingredient for progress due to the RAPs' weak regulatory and institutional framework. Unfortunately, upper levels of government have shown widespread reluctance to lead in remedial action planning. This was only in part offset by local commitment and support for RAP and its cause.     

胜利油田生活污水调查及评价

随着人民生活水平的提高，城市人均用水量逐年增加，伴随产生的生活污水已经成为不可忽视的污染源。胜利石油管理局供水公司于１９９３年对胜利油田的污水排放情况进行了调查，调查各单位职工住宅区和机关办公区所排放的生活污水的情况，包括排放生活污水单位的名称、人数、生活用水量、污水排放量和污水水质等，并提出了生活污水的治理对策。     

生物技术在油气田环境污染治理中的应用

介绍了生物技术及其在环境污染治理中的应用状况，根据我国油气田环境污染治理现状，提出了生物技术在我国油气田环境污染治理中重点研究的方向和步骤以及应用前景。     

MODELING THE BUILDUP AND WASHOFF OF POLLUTANTS ON URBAN WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: A model for urban stormwater quality was developed in this study. The basis for the model is the process by which pollutants build up on the watershed surface. For the wet climate of the study site, it was assumed that there exists an interval of time over which the pollutant buildup equals the pollutant washoff (no accumulation of pollutant). The buildup model was represented by a linear function of the antecedent dry time. The buildup function was then linked with a pollutant washoff model represented by a power function of the storm runoff volume. Various time intervals for no net accumulation were tested to calibrate the model. The model was calibrated to observed data for two small urban basins in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and model results were used to analyze the behavior of phosphorus concentrations in storm runoff from these basins over a long period of time.     

PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN STORMWATER RUNOFF: SACRAMENTO RWER BASIN,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: Pesticides in stormwater runoff, within the Sacramento River Basin, California, were assessed during a storm that occurred in January 1994. Two organophosphate insecticides (diazinon and methidathion), two carbamate pesticides (molinate and carbofuran), and one triazine herbicide (simazine) were detected. Organophosphate pesticide concentrations increased with the rising stage of the hydrographs; peak concentrations were measured near peak discharge. Diazinon oxon, a toxic degradation product of diazinon, made up approximately 1 to 3 percent of the diazinon load. The Feather River was the principal source of organophosphate pesticides to the Sacramento River during this storm. The concentrations of molinate and carbofuran, pesticides applied to rice fields during May and June, were relatively constant during and after the storm. Their presence in surface water was attributed to the flooding and subsequent drainage, as a management practice to degrade rice stubble prior to the next planting. A photo-degradation product of molinate, 4-keto molinate, was in all samples where molinate was detected and made up approximately 50 percent of the total molinate load. Simazine, a herbicide used in orchards and to control weeds along the roadways, was detected in the storm runoff, but it was not possible to differentiate the two sources of that pesticide to the Sacramento River.     

Study of Pollution of the Plitvice Lakes by Water and Sediment Analyses

The process of eutrophication in form of intense plant growth has been observed in some lakes and water streams at the Plitvice Lakes National Park in central Croatia. Here we investigate whether this phenomenon is a consequence of anthropogenic pollution or due to naturally produced organic matter in the lakes. We applied chemical analysis of water at two springs and four lakes (nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trace elements) and measurements of surface lake sediments (mineral and organic fraction analyses, trace elements) in four different lakes/five sites. The chemical composition of water does not indicate recent anthropogenic pollution of water because the concentrations of most trace elements are below detection limits. The concentrations of DOC and nutrients are slightly higher in the area of increased eutrophication-plant growth. Also the content of organic matter in the sediment is at the highest level in areas with highest C/N ratio indicating that the organic fraction of this sediment is mainly of terrestrial origin. There is no significant difference among the trace element concentration in the upper segment of all cores, deposited approximately during last 50 years when higher anthropogenic influence is expected due to development and touristic activity, and the lower part of the cores, corresponding to the period approximately 100–200 years before present. The content of trace elements and organic matter in sediments decreases from the uppermost lake downstream. According to our results there is no indication of recent anthropogenic pollution in water and sediment. Higher concentrations of DOC in water as well as phosphorus and some other elements in the lake sediment can be a consequence of input of natural organic matter to the lake water.