附着型酵母菌技术处理高含油废水

对九株酵母菌进行了扩大培养,并选用两种填料,建立了小型SBR装置,探讨附着型酵母菌技术对于高合油废水的处理效果,比较了酵母菌在不同填料上的附着能力及对废水的处理效果.研究结果表明:酵母菌在软性材料上挂膜效果比较好;附着在两种填料上的酵母菌对合油废水中的油和COD都具有较高的去除率,其值均达到90%以上;通过比较,软性填料是适合附着型酵母菌技术的合适填料.     

深海生物圈酵母菌的研究进展

从深海生物圈中酵母菌的来源状况、种类分布特征、研究方法等角度阐述了其最新进展,结合本课题组的相关研究,以便加强我们对深海生物圈中酵母菌的了解和认识,并提出开展该领域研究亟需解决的问题;希望本综述为开发利用深海酵母菌资源提供参考.     

微波预处理面包酵母对锶的吸附研究

采用微波预处理的面包酵母作为生物吸附剂吸附处理Sr2＋,研究了其吸附特性、生物吸附动力学、吸附平衡过程和吸附机理.实验结果表明,微波预处理能有效提高酵母的吸附效能.酵母对Sr2＋吸附10min即可达到平衡,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程来描述（R2=0.9999）,平衡吸附量qe为4.69mg·g^-1,二级吸附...     

酵母菌降解胞外聚合物提升剩余活性污泥的脱水性能

剩余污泥的脱水性能直接影响到污泥处置的效果和成本,提升污泥脱水性是污泥减量化的重要途径.本研究提出利用复合酵母菌群降解剩余污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)来提升污泥脱水性能的方法.首先评价了复合酵母菌群对灭菌后EPS中各组分的降解效果;继而将混合酵母细胞接入剩余污泥中进行曝气,考察了酵母菌对污泥脱水性的提升效能.研究结果表明,酵母菌对提取的EPS中蛋白质、多糖和核酸的降解效果明显,振荡培养72 h内最多分别降低了(60. 43±2. 73)%、(18. 94±2. 39)%和(48. 30±3. 37)%.向2 L剩余污泥中接入1. 5 g混合酵母菌湿菌体进行曝气,24 h后污泥的毛细吸水时间(CST)下降了(17. 19±1. 16)%,比对照组多下降了(7. 03±1. 35)%;与此同时污泥中EPS总量比对照污泥多下降了(17. 46±3. 91)%,表明酵母菌可以通过原位降解污泥中EPS来提高污泥的脱水性能.     

活性氧和钙离子参与镉诱导的酵母细胞死亡过程调节

以酵母为实验材料,研究了镉(以CdCl2形式添加)对细胞的毒性作用机制.结果显示,浓度为0.25~5 mmol·L-1的镉可降低酵母细胞活性,诱导细胞死亡;随着镉浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,细胞死亡率增高.凋亡抑制剂Z-Asp-CH2-DCB与镉共同作用后,细胞死亡率明显低于镉单独处理组.经镉处理后,酵母细胞内的活性氧(ROS)水平显著升高;外源抗氧化剂抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶能降低镉引发的细胞死亡,特异性Ca2+螯合剂EGTA或Ca2+通道特异性抑制剂LaCl3亦可明显降低镉诱发的细胞死亡率.研究表明,镉诱发的酵母细胞死亡过程存在依赖于caspase途径的细胞凋亡途径;镉诱发的死亡与镉处理组胞内ROS和Ca2+水平升高有关,ROS可能通过增加胞内Ca2+水平,继而激活相关下游信号导致细胞死亡.     

Ecotoxicological Assessment of Sediment, Suspended Matter and Water Samples in the Upper Danube River. A pilot study in search for the causes for the decline of fish catches (12 pp)

Goals, Scope and Background Fish populations, especially those of the grayling (Thymallus thymallus), have declined over the last two decades in the upper Danube River between Sigmaringen and Ulm, despite intensive and continuous stocking and improvement of water quality since the 1970s. Similar problems have been reported for other rivers, e.g. in Switzerland, Great Britain, the United States and Canada. In order to assess if ecotoxicological effects might be related to the decline in fish catch at the upper Danube River, sediment, suspended matter and waste water samples from sewage treatment plants were collected at selected locations and analyzed in a bioanalytical approach using a battery of bioassays. The results of this pilot study will be used to decide if a comprehensive weight-of-evidence study is needed. Methods Freeze-dried sediments and suspended particulate matters were extracted with acetone in a Soxhlet apparatus. Organic pollutants from sewage water were concentrated using XAD-resins. In order to investigate the ecotoxicological burden, the following bioassays were used: (1) neutral red assay with RTL-W1 cells (cytotoxicity), (2) comet assay with RTLW1 cells (genotoxicity), (3) Arthrobacter globiformis dehydrogenase assay (toxicity to bacteria), (4) yeast estrogen screen assay (endocrine disruption), (5) fish egg assay with the zebrafish (Danio rerio; embryo toxicity) and (6) Ames test with TA98 (mutagenicity). Results and Discussion The results of the in vitro tests elucidated a considerable genotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, bacteriotoxic, embryotoxic and estrogenic burden in the upper Danube River, although with a very inhomogeneous distribution of effects. The samples taken from Riedlingen, for example, induced low embryo toxicity, but the second highest 17β-estradiol equivalent concentration (1.8 ng/L). Using the fish egg assay with native sediments, a broad range of embryotoxic effects could be elucidated, with clear-cut dose-response relationships for the embryotoxic effects of contaminated sediments. With native sediments, embryotoxicity was clearly higher than with corresponding pore waters, thus corroborating the view that – at least for fish eggs – the bioavailability of particle-bound lipophilic substances in native sediments is higher than generally assumed. The effect observed most frequently in the fish egg assay was a developmental delay. A comparison of our own results with locations along the rivers Rhine and Neckar demonstrated similar or even higher ranges of ecotoxicological burdens in the Danube River. Conclusions The complex pattern of ecotoxicological effects caused by environmental samples from the Danube River, when assessed in an in vitro biotest battery using both acute and more specific endpoints, showed that integration of different endpoints is essential for appropriate hazard assessment. Overall, the ecotoxicological hazard potential shown has indeed to be considered as one potential reason for the decline in fish catches at the upper Danube River. However, based on the results of this pilot study, it is not possible to elucidate that chemically induced alterations are responsible for the fish decline. Recommendations and Perspective . In order to confirm the ecological relevance of the in vitro results for the situation in the field and especially for the decline of the grayling and other fishes, further integrated investigations are required. For linking the weight of evidence obtained by in vitro assays and fish population investigations, the application of additional, more specific biomarkers (e.g. vitellogenin induction, EROD and micronucleus assay) has been initiated in fish taken from the field as well as in situ investigations.     

酵母双杂交技术构建重组雌激素受体相关受体(ERR)基因酵母

应用酵母双杂交技术构建了重组雌激素受体相关受体(ERR)基因酵母,用以筛选环境中具有ERR干扰活性的化合物.实验先提取并纯化含有ERR3,基因的酵母表达质粒pGBT9一ERRγ,称为诱饵质粒;再提取并纯化含有ERRγ协同激活因子GRIP1基因的酵母表达质粒,形成靶质粒pGAD424-GRIP1,然后将诱饵质粒和靶质粒同...     

重组基因酵母报道系统筛检GR效应物质

用糖皮质激素受体重组基因酵母报道系统对3种天然与4种合成的糖皮质激素的糖皮质激素受体(GR)效应进行测定.结果表明,天然糖皮质激素中,肾上腺酮的活性最高;而合成激素中甲基强的松的活性最强.这些物质的GR效应与物质的化学结构密切相关.天然和合成糖皮质激素的GR效应随各自的辛醇水分配系数的增加而增强.     

酵母菌在自然界中的生态分布及功能

文章综述了近年来有关酵母菌在自然界中的分布和生态功能方面的研究进展。酵母菌作为单细胞真菌在自然界分布非常广泛,从生物体体表和体内到土壤、淡水、海洋等环境都发现大量酵母菌存在。酵母菌拥有丰富的酶系统和蛋白质,对高糖环境、高碳环境、高渗透压环境等具有较强适应性,可以为其他生物体提供营养物质,可以代谢重金属或者降解某些难降解的物质,维持生态环境的稳定。正因为此,酵母菌在工农业生产以及实践中被广泛应用。     

温度对接种酵母菌和醋酸菌餐厨垃圾微氧发酵产乙酸的影响

通过间歇实验,探究了温度(25,35,45,55℃)对餐厨垃圾接种酵母菌和醋酸菌后产乙酸和挥发性脂肪酸的影响.结果表明,控制温度在25℃时,发酵液中乙酸浓度远高于35、45和55℃,发酵8d后,乙酸的产量最大,达到0.59g/L;最大的VFA浓度在25℃下获得,达34.49g/L.VFA中以乙酸为主,并有少量丙酸和丁酸产生.随温度的逐渐升高,TS和VS去除率先上升后下降,在35℃时,发酵底物餐厨垃圾的TS和VS去除率最高,为30%和60%左右.