Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in urban area of Beijing: Variations, photochemical reactivity and source apportionment

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were observed by an on-line gas chromatography-flame ionization detector monitoring system from November 2016 to August 2017 in Beijing.The average concentrations were winter(40.27±25.25 μg/m³)> autumn(34.25±19.90 μg/m3)> summer(32.53±17.39 μg/m³)> spring(24.72±17.22 μg/m³).Although benzene(15.70%),propane(11.02%),ethane(9.32%) and n-butane(6.77%) were the most abundant species,ethylene(14.07%) and propene(11....     

基于环境学习曲线的中国省际COD排放及减排潜力分析

基于2008年COD排放量,对人均COD排放量和万元产值COD排放量的区域分布格局及其成因进行了定最分析;同时,基于1999-2008年cOD排放量和经济发展数据,建屯了31个省区万元产值COD排放堪随人均GDP变化的环境学习曲线,并以所建立的环境学习曲线为依据,分析了1999、2002、2005和2008年4个时段的减排潜力变化及COD减排潜力的空间分布.结果表明:经济发展水平越高的地区,万元产值COD排放的负荷越小,万元产值COD减排的潜力越小;反之,经济发展水平越低的地区,万元产值COD排放的负荷越大,万元产值COD减排的潜力越大.     

南京夏季市区VOCs特征及O3生成潜势的相关性分析

挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)是大气中光化学污染臭氧(O3)的重要前体物,其在大气中的浓度水平直接影响着臭氧的污染特征.本研究运用大气挥发性有机物快速在线连续自动监测系统,于2013年8月对南京市区大气中98种VOCs进行观测,分析南京夏季VOCs体积分数水平及组成特征,分析臭氧及其前体物的变化,运用VOCs/NOx比值法研究南京臭氧生成敏感性控制因素.结果表明,夏季南京市区大气VOCs最高体积分数达200×10-9,平均体积分数为52.05×10-9,各物种体积分数大小为烷烃含氧有机物烯烃芳香烃;臭氧平均质量浓度76.5μg·m-3,小时质量浓度超标率为5.9%.臭氧质量浓度高值期,其前体物VOCs与NOx变化趋势基本一致,并与O3变化呈明显的反相关;不同臭氧质量浓度阶段,同种类的VOCs体积分数也存在一定的差异;夏季南京市区的臭氧生成对VOCs较敏感,属于VOCs控制区.     

沟戈登氏菌对重金属的生物吸附-浮选和解吸性能

用沟戈登氏菌作吸附剂,研究了采用生物吸附-浮选和解吸法从水溶液中去除和回收重金属的过程,并对生物吸附浮选机理进行了分析.结果表明,沟戈登氏菌对各种重金属离子的选择性为Hg>Pb>Cu,但菌细胞对Cu的吸附能力最高.NH₄⁺的加入对吸附Pb²⁺有促进作用,而K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺共存离子的加入会对吸附过程有明显的抑制.当加入DA17.5mmol/L,pH为9.5时,Pb²⁺和菌细胞的去除率分别能够达到93%和96%,经无水Na₂CO3的₃次吸附、浮选和解吸处理后,它们的去除率仍然能够达到94%和97%.动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,沟戈登氏菌的自然等电点为3.50,吸附Pb2+后增为4.02,与DA作用后降至3.02,吸附过程与细胞壁上的羧酸基团和乙酰胺基团有关,浮选过程则是有静电力、氢键、离子交换和化学络合等过程的协同作用.扫描电镜观察显示,吸附Hg²⁺后,菌细胞表明粘附有絮状物,菌体形状变得不规则.     

Inhibition effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on progesterone production in mLTC-1

Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are a class of fluorine substituted carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and alcohol, structurally similar to their corresponding parent compounds. Previous study demonstrated the potential endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, two dominant PFASs in animals and humans. We explored the relationship between eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)with different carbon chain length and their ability to inhibit progesterone production in mouse Leydig tumor cells(m LTC-1). We found an obvious dose–response relationship between progesterone inhibition rate and PFAA exposure concentration in m LTC-1. The relative inhibition rate of progesterone by PFAAs was linearly related to the carbon chain length and molar refractivity of PFAAs. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) decreased after PFAA exposure at the half-maximal inhibitory effect concentration(IC_(50)) of progesterone production in m LTC-1, while the reactive oxygen species(ROS) content increased significantly. These results imply that the inhibition effect of PFAAs on progesterone production might be due, in part, to ROS damage and the decrease in MMP in m LTC-1.     

Determination of groundwater potential in obiaruku and environs using surface geoelectric sounding

The interpretation of ten resistivity curves in Obiaruku and environs indicates that the area has a great groundwater potential. Correlation of the curves with the lithologic log from a nearby borehole in Ghana quarters, reveals the lithologic succession as an extensive sandy unit between the range of 20 m and 136 m. The medium grained sand unit, which is the aquiferous zone, has a resistivity range of between 300 Ω m and 600 Ω m. The result of the interpreted data and the lithologic log from the borehole indicates three to five geoelectric layers except at Adonishaka, which has a confined aquifer in the third layer and Umukwata that has a confined aquifer in the second layer, the study area generally has an unconfined aquifer, which is in the second layer. In the event of pollution, the groundwater may be contaminated. Sinking of water borehole is not recommended in these areas. Boreholes for potable water are therefore recommended at locations within Adonishaka and Umukwata areas. The present study acts as a guide for future groundwater exploration and exploitation.     

The Effects of Acidity on Carbon Fluxes from Ombrotrophic Peat

Replicate intact peat/vegetation monoliths were collected along a pollution gradient in the UK and subjected over one year to 1200 mm of simulated rainfall of the same chemical composition as they received in the field. Drainage water was analysed periodically for DOC and pH, and the decomposition rates of Calluna vulgaris and Eriophorum angustifolium leaves were measured, as well as soil atmosphere CO₂ contents and peat matric potentials. the chemical characteristics of the peats as initially sampled from the field also were determined. the results suggest that acidic precipitation has induced chemical changes in ombrotrophic peats, lowering their pH and base status, when due account is taken of calcium deposition or any mineral content. Greater DOC fluxes were observed from the more acid peats, and litter decomposition rates from these peats were reduced.     

基于循证理论的事故隐患排查治理研究

为更好对企业进行事故隐患排查治理,本文从知识可及性和知识转移等角度,分析导致企业隐患排查治理差异的因素;然后提出基于循证理论的企业隐患排查治理方法并进行实证分析。研究表明:将循证理论引入到企业事故隐患排查治理中具有可行性和有效性。     

Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China

Central Plains region of China,represented by Henan Province,is facing serious air pollution problems.Vehicular exhaust emissions had adverse impacts on the atmospheric environment.The first comprehensive and novel vehicle emission inventory for Henan Province using vehicle kilometers traveled,localized emission factors,and activity data at city-level was developed.Furthermore,3 km×3 km gridded emission and temporal variations were determined by using localized information.Results show that the total emissions of sulfur dioxide(SO_2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbon monoxide(CO),particular matter with aerodynamic diameter10μm(PM_(10)),aerodynamic diameter2.5μm(PM_(2.5)),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),VOCs-evaporation and ammonia in 2015 were 9.1,533.4,1190.7,23.7,21.6,150.8,31.5 and 10.4 Gg,respectively,and the emission intensities of the above pollutants were 0.05,2.7,6.0,0.1,0.1,0.8,0.2 and 0.05 g/km,respectively.Vehicles meeting the Primary China 1,China 3 and China 4 contributed 89.1%,82.7%,75.3%,75.5%,75.5%,68.2%,68.4%and 82.3%for SO_2,NO_x,CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,VOCs-evaporation and ammonia emissions,respectively.Zhengzhou,Zhoukou,Nanyang,Luoyang,Shangqiu and Xinyang showed relatively higher emissions and contributed more than 50%of each pollutant.The spatial distribution indicated obvious characteristics of the road network,and high-level emission was concentrated in the downtown areas.Additionally,the ozone formation potential(OFP)based on the estimated speciated VOC emissions was 569.6 Gg in Henan Province.Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were the main species of VOCs,whereas olefins contributed the largest proportion of OFP,with 42.2%.     

尾矿库事故隐患及风险表征与防控方法*

为解决尾矿库安全隐患及风险,应用基于证据(Evidence-based)方法和事故树分析模型,辨识并表征尾矿库事故影响因素、隐患及耦合状态,根据事件发生可能性、潜在后果严重性和受体暴露程度相关独立参数,给出尾矿库事故风险表征方法,建立尾矿库事故多情景、多阶段（3段）、多层次和多等级（4级）风险防控框架。结果表明:对尾矿库5类事故（溃坝、漫顶、渗流、输送冒漏、库区扬尘）进行分析,得出基本事件或蛰伏隐患对尾矿库事故结构重要度或影响程度,给出尾矿库事故风险3维表征方法,并结合巴西布鲁马迪尼奥尾矿库进行实例应用,确定尾矿库风险等级（最高级4级）,验证方法可行性与有效性。研究结果可为尾矿库减灾防灾提供理论支撑与实践指导。