AHP-模糊综合评价方法的分析与研究

系统安全评价是保证生产系统安全生产的基础。笔者在简要分析层次分析 (AHP)与模糊综合评价两种方法的特点的基础上 ,结合这两种方法的优点 ,提出了多层次的AHP -模糊综合评价法 ,并应用于企业作实证分析。结果表明 :该方法具有这两种方法的优点 ,能够较好地保证评价结果的客观性。     

基于模糊综合评判法的矿山地质环境质量评价——以陕南铅锌矿为例

在明晰地质灾害频发、生态环境恶化、水土环境污染严重三位一体是陕南铅锌矿山地质环境质量最核心问题的基础上,构建了陕南铅锌矿地质环境质量评价体系;基于模糊综合评判法建立了评价模型,并运用AHP法计算评价指标体系权重。应用构建的评价指标体系和方法,对陕南8个典型铅锌矿的地质环境质量进行综合评价。结果表明:其中5个铅锌矿地质环境质量为优;1个铅锌矿地质环境质量为良;2个铅锌矿地质环境质量为差。     

辽阳蔬菜种植畜禽养殖地土壤重金属污染及评价

为了解辽阳市蔬菜种植和畜禽养殖基地土壤中重金属状况,依据《环境监测分析方法》、《土壤元素的近代分析方法》的要求土壤采样分析。并根据土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995),采用Harkanson"潜在生态危害指数法"对土壤中重金属进行生态风险评价。结果表明,在蔬菜种植和畜禽养殖基地所选典型采样点中,重金属含量无超标现象,均属安全范围,对人体及生物无危害。     

沈阳市污泥堆放场恶臭监测与评估技术

为治理祝家污泥堆放场恶臭污染问题,对污泥堆放场实施综合治理工程,同时针对污泥自身及环境影响特征,采用臭气浓度和臭气强度指标的监测,并扩展性应用快速判定和检测技术,对工程进度不同阶段的治理进行即时监测。结果表明:工程实施前后期上下风向厂界指标分别为:臭气强度4⁵级、25级、2².5级;臭气浓度602.5级;臭气浓度60⁸0、1080、10²0;50020;500¹500、401500、40⁵5;硫化氢0.08 mg/m3、0.002mg/m 3、0.003mg/m3、0.001 mg/m3。工程实践证明,此类堆放场处理前厂界相关指标严重超标,处理后厂界达标率100%。     

A botanical importance rating system for estuaries

In many semi-arid areas, estuaries are threatened because of freshwater impoundment. Estuaries are important sites for ecological diversity and, increasingly, for recreation. A system has been developed which rates estuaries according to their botanical importance. A formula allows a single numerical importance score to be calculated. The area cover of each estuarine plant community type (i.e. intertidal salt marsh, submerged macrophytes, reed/sedge swamps and supratidal salt marsh) and its importance in the estuary forms the basis of the score. The ‘ecological condition’ of the plant community and the community richness within the estuary are incorporated into the formula. The formula is effective in determining the botanical importance of estuaries. Further methods to determine the zoological, physical and socio-economic importance of estuaries need to be developed to allow the overall importance of estuaries to be determined.     

人工湿地生态系统健康评价实证研究

建立了健康评价指标体系,改进了原有评价标准,构建了模糊综合评价模型,对苏州太湖国家旅游度假区一期人工湿地生态系统进行了健康评价,得出了度假区人工湿地健康评价综合评分为0．784,识别了健康制约因子,并提出了相应的调控措施,以期为湿地的二期、三期工程建设提供科学依据。     

灰色关联分析在铅锌矿区地表水重金属污染评价中的应用

介绍了灰色关联分析法用于地表水环境质量评价的基本步骤,并以陕西凤县寺沟铅锌矿区为例,在实验室采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计法,对该矿区6个监测点的水样进行测试.在该矿区地表水分析测试资料的基础上,采用灰色关联分析法对地表水环境质量的现状进行评价.结果表明,基于灰色关联分析的地表水重金属污染评价方法能较完整地反映地表水环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法,且易于推广使用.     

住宅小区绿色生态性评价研究

通过构建住宅小区绿色生态性评价指标体系,综合运用层次分析法和模糊数学理论等系统工程理论和方法,系统评价了住宅小区的绿色生态性,为其研究提供新的途径。     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion products in oil tanks based on TOPSIS methodologies

Spontaneous ignition of the corrosion products of an oil tank may lead to an explosion. To evaluate the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion products in oil tanks, the thermodynamic characteristic parameters of the corrosion products of oil tanks were obtained by thermogravimetry as evaluation indexes. Then, the objective weights of these indexes were calculated via the CRITIC method, and TOPSIS theory was used to comprehensively evaluate the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion product samples from oil tanks. The results show that the weight of the mass loss rate at the ignition point is the highest, and the apparent activation energy of the corrosion products is not the decisive factor affecting their spontaneous combustion tendency. As such, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the corrosion products of oil tanks cannot be based on only the apparent activation energy. The spontaneous combustion tendency of the corrosion products of a gasoline tank is lower than that of a diesel tank. The higher the heating rate is, the stronger the tendency of spontaneous combustion will be.     

Graduated driver licensing: review of evaluation results since 2002

Unintentional injury from motor-vehicle crashes is the number one cause of death among teenagers in the United States. Increasingly, jurisdictions have adopted three-stage graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems for young novice drivers. Since a previous review of U.S. GDL evaluation results, many more U.S. states and Canadian provinces have implemented GDL and/or had enough time pass that additional evaluation results are now available. Twenty-one studies of GDL within 14 individual jurisdictions, and six studies of GDL in the U.S. nationwide, were collected, reviewed, and summarized. Positive results (usually crash reductions) of varying degrees were reported from nearly all the studies. Given differences in approaches, study goals, methods, and analyses, the results are surprisingly consistent. Overall, GDL programs have reduced the youngest drivers' crash risk by roughly 20 to 40%. Research on teen driving and comprehensive GDL enhancements could further reduce teen drivers' motor-vehicle crashes, injuries, and fatalities. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Policy-makers, as well as the motor vehicle, insurance, and other industries have been involved in teen driving safety and could enhance and coordinate their roles.