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111.
20世纪90年代,我国由于汽车生产和汽车使用规模不大,汽车尾气污染问题并不突出,城市大气污染主要表现为煤烟型污染。近年来,尤其是进入21世纪后,汽车业发展迅速,机动车保有量逐年迅速增长,汽车产业快速发展的同时,对环境也造成了危害。本文结合哈尔滨市市情,论述了汽车尾气污染现状,提出了应对措施。 相似文献
112.
文中对PM10,SO2,NO2,CO四种污染因子,从时间、车流量、风力、气压、气温等方面进行影响分析,分析结果高浓度CO和NOx的污染出现在城市交通干道两侧和交通密集区域,上述四种污染园予在未来几年里仍然是环境空气中的主要污染物,危害城市人民正常生活的主要污染源,成为未来环境保护工作中的重点内容。 相似文献
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Khamisah Awang Lukman Mohammad Saffree Jeffree Krishna Gopal Rampal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(1):8-16
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and its association with whole-body vibration (WBV) and manual materials handling (MMH). We studied 110 commercial vehicle drivers using a self-administered questionnaire and the VI-400Pro human vibration monitor. Prevalence of LBP was 66.4%. The percentage of drivers who had frequent manual handling of heavy loads was 45.5% and those who handled heavy loads in awkward postures accounted for 86.4%. Daily vibration A(8) averaged on the z axis was 0.25 (0.06) m·s?2 and at vector sum was 0.29 (0.07) m·s?2. Daily vibration exposures on the z axis, frequent manual handling of heavy loads and awkward posture during MMH were significantly associated with LBP. Drivers who are exposed to WBV and frequently handle heavy loads manually and with awkward postures probably have more LBP than drivers who are exposed to only one of these risk factors. 相似文献
115.
实现道路交通安全的营运车辆监控系统框架研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前营运车辆监管中,交通管理部门、运输企业和司乘人员3方没有直接的信息通道,导致监管不到位,影响道路交通安全。笔者探讨了营运车辆监控的信息传输通道;以GPS、无线通信技术和互联网为基础,设计了营运车辆监控的技术框架,实现了联系3方的信息传输通道;分析框架实现的关键技术,包括道路限速数据库,车辆超速、疲劳驾驶、超载等违法行为的判定模式等;以广东省营运车辆监控系统为例,验证了框架的可行性。该技术框架使司乘人员的交通违法行为被及时警告和提醒,交通管理部门可以及时制止交通违法行为,可以主动预防交通事故,提高道路交通安全水平。 相似文献
116.
Introduction: Using connected vehicle technologies, pedestrian to vehicle (P2V) communication applications can be installed on smart devices allowing pedestrians to communicate with drivers by broadcasting discrete safety messages, received by drivers in-vehicle, as an alternative to expensive fixed-location physical safety infrastructure. Method: This study consists of designing, developing, and deploying an entirely cyber-physical P2V communication system within the cellular vehicle to everything (C-V2X) environment at a mid-block crosswalk to analyze drivers’ reactions to in-vehicle advanced warning messages, the impacts of the advanced warning messages on driver awareness, and drivers’ acceptance of this technology. Results: In testing human subjects with, and without, advanced warning messages upon approaching a mid-block crosswalk, driver reaction, acceptance, speed, eye tracking data, and demographic data were collected. Through an odds ratio comparison, it was found that drivers were at least 2.44 times more likely to stop for the pedestrian with the warning than without during the day, and at least 1.79 times more likely during the night. Furthermore, through binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that driver age, time of the day, and the presence of the advanced warning message all had strong, significant impacts with a confidence value of at least 98% (p < 0.02) on the rate at which drivers stopped for the pedestrian. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that the advanced warning message sent within the C-V2X had a strong, positive impact on driver behavior and understanding of pedestrian intent. Practical Applications: Pedestrian crashes and fatality rates at mid-block crossings continue to increase over the years. Connected vehicle technology utilizing smart devices can be used as a means for communications between pedestrians and drivers to deliver safety messages. State and local city planners should consider geofencing designated mid-block crossings at which this technology operates to increase pedestrian safety and driver awareness. 相似文献
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118.
上海城市交通与机动车排气污染调查 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
上海市机动车保有量逐年增加,车辆的排气污染愈来愈严重,据调查,1997年机动画排放的CO,MNHC,NOX和PM分别达到58.6,9.08,6.20和0.23万吨。中心城区机动车排放的CO,NMHC和NOX污染物50%以上来自于小型车,是影响上海城区环境空气质量的主要污染源。 相似文献
119.
城市高架道路建设对机动车尾气污染的影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过现场观测和对比,分析了城市一般道路上和城市高架道路下机动车排放污染物浓度差异的原因,分析结果表明,扩散条件对城市机动车尾气污染有着重要影响,例举日本对城市高架道路建设的有关规定,提出应重视城市高架道路建设的环境预评估等。 相似文献
120.
浅析机动车尾气污染成因及对人体健康的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
机动车工作时,由于燃烧不完全等原因,会生成和排出CO、HC、No_x和颗粒物等污染物,对人体的呼吸系统和心血管系统造成危害。应从政策法规、监测监督和舆论宣传3个方面着手加以整治。 相似文献