大气颗粒物源解析CMB法与PFA法原理及比较研究

大气颗粒物已经成为中国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物.弄清楚大气颗粒物的来源及定量地计算出各个源的贡献值,为颗粒污染物的防治提供依据,这就涉及到大气颗粒物源解析技术.本文详细介绍了化学质量平衡（CMB）和主因子分析法（PFA）这两种主要的大气颗粒物源解析原理及方法,并比较两种方法各自的优缺点,以供选择合适的源解析方法对大气颗粒污染物的来源进行解析.     

Uptake of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn by the Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms from Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) Leachates and Slurries

The main solid waste product from coal-fired power stations is pulverised fuel ash (PFA), which can be enriched in toxic elements. Disposal of PFA by dry (in landfills) or wet (by slurrying) disposal methods can release these elements into the environment. Thereafter, the contaminants can be taken up by biota such as Eichhornia crassipes, a common aquatic plant, which has the ability to accumulate elements from water. This study investigates the uptake of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn by E. crassipes grown in leachates and slurries prepared from two different PFA samples. PFA samples were obtained from Indraprastha Power Station (IPP Stn.) in New Delhi, India and the Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station in the UK. E. crassipes grown in PFA leachates and slurries at 1:5 and 1:50 solid:liquid (PFA:deionised water) ratios show that the plant has a very high accumulation capacity for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn from both leachates and slurries and the uptake of these metals is stronger in the roots than in the tops of the plant. Metal accumulation, as shown by the accumulation factor (AF) values, is higher from both leachates and slurries for plants grown in the 1:50 (PFA:DIW) ratios than in the 1:5 ratios, initial metal concentrations being higher in the 1:5 ratios than in the 1:50 ratios. Lower metal accumulation in the plants grown in slurries than in leachates is related to the high turbidity of growth medium in slurries resulting in ash particles adhering to the root surfaces thus reducing the surface area of metal absorption. Eichhornia plants are able to reduce the pH of all leachates, especially the highly alkaline Ratcliffe leachates to near neutral conditions. Accumulation of Cd and Zn by the plant is higher from the lower pH IPP leachates than the Ratcliffe leachates, indicating that these metals are more soluble and bioavailable in the acidic medium. However, accumulation of Cu and Ni is independent of the pH of the leachates, indicating that other factors, such as metal species, presence of complexing agents in the growth solutions, and effects of competing metal ions may be contributory factors towards the metal uptake and accumulation by the plant.     

活化粉煤灰填充聚氯乙烯板材的研究

用不同的活化粉煤灰代替活性碳酸钙作聚氯乙烯板材中的填料 ,制取试样并测试其性能。结果表明 ,选用好的改性剂 ,采用合适的活化方法时 ,得到的活化粉煤灰应用于聚氯乙烯板材中 ,其各项指标均符合标准规定 ,特别是在酸碱介质中表现出很好的耐腐蚀特性     

大气颗粒物源解析受体模型应用研究及发展现状

通过大量文献资料调研对化学质量平衡模型、二重源解析技术、主因子分析、正矩阵因子分析法等目前应用较广泛的受体模型方法的原理、优缺点和应用现状进行了比较分析,对单颗粒源解析方法、有机物示踪技术和扩散与受体模型联用技术等受体模型新技术方法进行了评述。