TH—880Ⅲ型微电脑烟尘平行采样仪在实际测试中的应用介绍

本文对如何正确使用TH－880Ⅲ型微电脑烟尘平行采样仪进行了探讨，提出了实际测试过程中应注意的一些关键问题，以及一些常见故障的排除方法。     

国内外环境监测分析的现状和发展

从实验室分析仪器和技术、与污染物总量控制有关的自动监测系统和技术，与应急事故监测有关的现场简易监测分析仪器和技术等方面概括介绍了环境监测分析仪器和技术的现状与发展，并概要介绍了日美及中国环境监测分析产业的现状与发展。     

水中硫化物在线检测仪的研制

介绍硫离子在线检测仪的测定原理和基本系统结构,仪器采用流动注射法(FIA),具有测定周期短、试剂用量少的优点,该方法(显色剂为对二甲氨基苯胺)测定波长为665nm,工作范围ρ=2.0～25.0mg·L-1。回收率为96.1%～101.8%。     

BOD测定的仪器法与化学法关系初探

本文介绍了在实验室中运用压差式仪器法测定BOD值的优越性,并着重与相应的化学稀释法所测BOD值进行对照.通过计算机找出二者的相关关系,以便得到准确的BOD值进而推广利用BOD测定的新技术.     

Cost‐effectiveness of conservation payment schemes for species with different range sizes

Payments to compensate landowners for carrying out costly land‐use measures that benefit endangered biodiversity have become an important policy instrument. When designing such payments, it is important to take into account that spatially connected habitats are more valuable for many species than isolated ones. One way to incentivize provision of connected habitats is to offer landowners an agglomeration bonus, that is, a bonus on top of payments they are receiving to conserve land if the land is spatially connected. Researchers have compared the cost‐effectiveness of the agglomeration bonus with 2 alternatives: an all‐or‐nothing, agglomeration payment, where landowners receive a payment only if the conserved land parcels have a certain level of spatial connectivity, and a spatially homogeneous payment, where landowners receive a payment for conserved land parcels irrespective of their location. Their results show the agglomeration bonus is rarely the most cost‐effective option, and when it is, it is only slightly better than one of the alternatives. This suggests that the agglomeration bonus should not be given priority as a policy design option. However, this finding is based on consideration of only 1 species. We examined whether the same applied to 2 species, one for which the homogeneous payment is best and the other for which the agglomeration payment is most cost‐effective. We modified a published conceptual model so that we were able to assess the cost‐effectiveness of payment schemes for 2 species and applied it to a grassland bird and a grassland butterfly in Germany that require the same habitat but have different spatial‐connectivity needs. When conserving both species, the agglomeration bonus was more cost‐effective than the agglomeration and the homogeneous payment; thus, we showed that as a policy the agglomeration bonus is a useful conservation‐payment option.     

掘进工作面氡气来源分析和关键治理技术研究

双马煤矿在缓坡副斜井掘进工作面掘进过程中局部地段出现氡气,为了保护作业人员的身体健康保障矿井安全,基于分析研究掘进工作面特殊底层氡气来源、运移规律,以理论指导现场,总结出喷、涂、增、降、检、撤、护七字关键治理技术,从而实现对氡气地质带的有效治理和管控,保障了掘进工作面的安全生产。     

Qualidex – A New Software for Generating Water Quality Indice

Water quality indice are necessary for resolving lengthy, multi-parameter, water analysis reports into single digit scores. This, in turn, is essential for comparing the water quality of different sources and in monitoring the changes in the water quality of a given source as a function of time and other influencing factors.In this paper we present the computer-automated tool QUALIDEX (water QUALIty inDEX), which has been developed by us to generate and operate water quality indice. Several popular indice – such as the Oregon Water Quality Index developed in the 1970s by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and later updated in 1995, the Aquatic Toxicity Index developed by Wepener and coworkers for protection of aquatic life at the Olifants river, Kruger National Park, South Africa, the water quality index developed by Dinius in 1987, the Overall Index of Pollution (of surface waters) developed at the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), and the water quality index of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) – have also been added to QUALIDEX in modular form. There is also a New water quality index sub-module which enables the user to generate his or her own index and compare its performance with these well-known indice. The package is also capable of analyzing the variations in the water quality of different sites at different times. The software has been coded in Visual C++ and has been integrated with MS Access database.     

Choosing policy instruments for controlling ozone depleting substances in a developing context: the case of Chile

Chile ratified the Montreal Protocol in 1990 which sets out an agenda for the reduction and then elimination of ozone depleting substances (ODS); however, by 1998 the country had not yet defined a strategy to encourage greater compliance, so that in the same year the National Environmental Commission decided to examine the policy options available. This paper examines the process followed to develop this strategy. As a first step it was necessary to look at how far the implicit policy of "business as usual" could be stretched without jeopardizing Chile's compliance obligations. A second step included quantifying compliance costs and their impact on different policy instruments and so policy choice. Finally, the attitudes of decision-makers or participants were identified, by interviews with officials of the different public agents involved, in order to weigh their views about policy. A strategy was proposed, based on this information, which the Chilean regulator has used, although not in its entirety. The methodology developed could well be useful for developing-country Protocol signatories building their own appropriate compliance strategy.     

Aquafluor藻细胞活体分析法在三峡库区次级河流回水区Chla测定中的校准及应用

从三峡库区次级河流大宁河、小江、汤溪河及梅溪河139m回水区中段采集水样,经实验室培养后,用丙酮萃取分光光度法和Aquafluor藻细胞活体分析法测定Chla浓度.通过对Chla萃取值(y)和活体值(x)进行回归分析,得到其回归方程为y=4.15x 2.48,t检验显示回归方程具有线性.在库区次级河流139m回水区富营养化监测中,Chla模拟值与萃取值基本吻合,相对误差＜±7%,故可以采用Chla模拟值对水体富营养化程度进行评价.     

安全仪表系统等级划分与HAZOP分析的结合应用

介绍了安全仪表等级的划分和HAZOP分析,并用此方法分析了苯酐装置。大多数现役或在建苯酐装置的氧化反应器存在较大的火灾、爆炸危险性,一旦在操作、控制和管理上稍有疏忽,就可能发生火灾、爆炸事故。HAZOP方法针对指定系统进行结构化和系统化的审查,辨识系统中潜在的危害和潜在操作问题,基于HAZOP给出安全仪表等级是今后安全设计的一条新路。