某糠醛厂排放废水及周围地下水的GC/MS测定

某地地下水显淡黄色有异味，为查明被污染原因，我们利用ＧＤＸ－１０２树脂富集，对该处唯一的一家工厂——某糠醛厂排放的废水及其周围地下水同时进行了ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定．以上两种水体中均有呋喃类化合物（包括糠醛）及酚类化合物检出，而远离工厂的上游地下水未发现以上两类化合物，这一结果表明，该地下水区被工厂排放的废水所污染     

Chinese life cycle impact assessment factors

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ(ＬＣＡ)ｉｓａｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｔｏｏｌｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘａｍｉｎｅａｎｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ(Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ,1998;Ｗｅｉｄｅｍａ,1997;Ｗｅｎｚｅｌ,1997).ＴｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆＬＣＡｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ,ｉ.ｅ.ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉ…     

超声波/Fenton联用对对硝基苯酚的处理

采用超声/Fenton联用技术对水中对硝基苯酚(P-NP)进行处理,探讨了单纯超声(US)、Fenton试剂法、US/Fenton试剂法联用对P-NP的处理效果和影响因素,结果表明,对于浓度为10mg/L的P-NP, 当pH=3、H2O2与Fe2 投加量之比为10:1、H2O2投加量为40mg/L时降解效果最好,通过动力学分析发现US/Fenton试剂法对P-NP的降解具有明显的协同效应.     

Insights into the mechanism of the deterioration of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox under low residual ammonium

Residual ammonium is a critical parameter affecting the stability of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mainstream PN/A was established and operated with progressively decreasing residual ammonium. PN/A deteriorated as the residual ammonium decreased to below 5 mg/L, and this was paralleled by a significant loss in anammox activity in situ and an increasing nitrite oxidation rate. Further analysis revealed that the low-ammonium condition directly decreased anammox activity in situ via two distinct mechanisms. First, anammox bacteria were located in the inner layer of the granular sludge, and thus were disadvantageous when competing for ammonium with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the outer layer. Second, the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) was enriched at low residual ammonium concentrations because of its high ammonium affinity. Both AOB and comammox presented kinetic advantages over anammox bacteria. At high residual ammonium concentrations, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively suppressed, even when their maximum activity was high due to competition for nitrite with anammox bacteria. At low residual ammonium concentrations, the decrease in anammox activity in situ led to an increase in nitrite availability for nitrite oxidation, facilitating the activation of NOB despite the dissolved oxygen limitation (0.15–0.35 mg/L) for NOB persisting throughout the operation. Therefore, the deterioration of mainstream PN/A at low residual ammonium was primarily triggered by a decline in anammox activity in situ. This study provides novel insights into the optimized design of mainstream PN/As in engineering applications.     

循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的停留时间、进水有机物浓度和系统中泥龄、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内厌氧释磷以及有机物的吸收贮存的影响。结果表明，选择区停留时间lh，系统泥龄5d，曝气2h，进水有机物浓度COD／TP=60--70，选择器中释磷效果及微生物的吸附性能最优，可去除进水中78％的COD。而且污泥沉降性能良好，试验运行过程中，SVI一直保持在30--40ml／g左右。     

产酸脱硫反应器中限制性生态因子的定量化研究

采用产酸脱硫反应器进行连续流试验并配合静态试验 ,从群体生态学角度考察限制性生态因子———COD SO2 -4 比、硫酸盐负荷率 (Ns)、pH值、氧化还原电位 (ORP)和碱度 (ALK)的定量化对产酸脱硫生态系统的影响 .提出COD SO2 -4 比大于2 0 ,Ns 小于 7 5kg(SO2 -4 ) (m3·d) ,pH =6 0— 6 2 ,ORP =- 32 0— - 42 0mV ,ALK =15 0 0— 2 0 0 0mg L是维持硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)较高活性和生态系统稳定性的标志 ,硫酸盐去除率可达 80 %— 90 %     

山仔水库富营养化与水华爆发的水文因素分析

文章通过水质主要指标的时空变化及其与水库流量、水位、水滞留时间等关系,研究水动力条件对山仔水库富营养化的影响。研究表明,由于山仔水库蓄水时清库不彻底,总氮、总磷浓度较高,从1997年开始呈现下降趋势,2001年后又有所回升;水库水滞留时间大于2周的年份,相对年均水位低,水库水华爆发的几率大;水库的进口、支流入口的总磷、COD、藻类数量和叶绿素a相对较高;山仔水库与下游塘坂水库因其水库形态、库容、水力交换能力的差异,藻类数量和叶绿素a含量也存在明显的差异,说明了山仔水库水华的发生与水文因素关系密切。     

张道口-1井水位观测精度变化分析研究

本文对张道口-1井模拟水位、数字化水位观测精度进行了对比，进一步分析了影响数字化水位观测精度的几个因素，提出了数字化水位在日常观测中应注意的几个问题。     

江宁开发区污水处理厂二期调试运行

江宁开发区污水处理厂建设规模为4万m^3／d，分两期建成，采用氧化沟处理工艺，污泥处理采用不经消化的带式脱水工艺。在此主要叙述了各工艺构筑物的设备配置、功能、设计参数及二期工程的试运行情况。     

UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2法对高浓度有机废水降解的应用研究

用UV TiO2 H2 O2 法对高浓度有机废水降解的实验表明 ,当TiO2 、H2 O2 的投加量分别为 2 0g与 1% ,反应时间为3h时 ,CODCr、Oil、Ar OH、NH3 N、S2 - 的平均去除率分别达到 73 %、83 %、86%、5 0 %、10 0 %。此处理工艺具有除臭、除色、快速高效、不产生污泥等优势。实验过程探索了TiO2 、H2 O2 的用量对各污染物降解率的影响 ,并设计了有实用意义的反应器