2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚固相萃取光度法测定环境样品中钴(Ⅱ)的研究

根据新试剂2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚(PADMAP)与钴的显色反应及C18固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取,建立了一种测定环境样品中痕量钴的新方法,在pH4 0的HAc—NaAc缓冲介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)存在下,PADMAP与钴反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可用C18固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇(内含2%乙酸)洗脱后用光度法测定。络合物最大吸收波长为585nm,摩尔吸光系数为1 05×105L·mol-1·cm-1,钴含量在0—1 0mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法用于几种环境样品中钴的分析,结果令人满意。     

梭鱼和青鳉鱼ERα介导的雌激素活性比较研究

为从物种雌激素受体(ERα)敏感性差异的角度探索辽东湾野生梭鱼雌雄同体高发生率的一个可能原因,从梭鱼肝脏cDNA中扩增出长1113 bp的梭鱼ERα(sERα) DEF区片段,并以此构建pGBT9-sERα DEF 质粒,将其和pGAD424-TIF2质粒依次转入Y190酵母细胞中,建立了sERα物种特异性的酵母双杂交筛选系统.在此系统中测试了4种环境中主要的雌激素雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)及17α-炔雌醇(EE2)对梭鱼ERα的诱导活性,半数雌激素活性浓度(EC50)为3.7、2.4、1698.7、1.2nmol/L,分别是青鳉鱼ERα活性的4.6、2.3、3.4、3.3倍,说明梭鱼ERα对E1、E2、E3、EE2具有较高的敏感性,这为解释辽东湾梭鱼雌雄同体的高发生现象提供了重要线索.     

高透湿性生物防护服的研制

通过四种不同的方法制备了生物防护复合面料，通过基本性能测试选取了最优方案。将以聚四氟乙稀复合膜为中间层的复合面料进行了综合性能测试，将其制成连体式防护服，并对防护服的整体性能进行了测试。结果表明：该复合面料具有优良的生物防护性和透湿性，防护服结构合理。     

秦皇岛市空气质量分析与改善对策

秦皇岛市从1998年5月29日至1999年2月25日空气污染指数平均为84.92,首要污染物是总悬浮微粒(TSP),空气质量Ⅱ级,属良好范围,在北方城市中仅次于大连和烟台。影响秦皇岛市空气质量的不利因素有煤炭运输规模大、建筑工地及城市卫生管理不严、绿地分布不合理、集中供热规模偏小等。为此,应继续治理煤尘,实行热电连产,改进绿化,加强管理。     

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential(NDMA-FP) in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2), technical-nonylphenols(t-NP), and bisphenol A(BPA) in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and EE2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.     

富硼渣微波还原氮化合成(Ca,Mg)α'-Sialon-AlN-BN粉

以富硼渣、硅灰、高铝矾土熟料和炭黑为原料,采用微波碳热还原氮化法合成了(Ca,Mg)α′-Sialon-Al N-BN粉。研究了合成温度和时间对反应过程的影响,用X射线衍射法测定了产物相组成及相对含量。结果表明,产物中α′-Sialon含量随温度的升高而增大,1 450℃时α′-Sialon含量达到最大,长柱状晶粒的长径比大,长度约25μm,且晶粒发育完全,为最佳合成温度;1 480℃时α′-Sialon含量减少,表明部分已经发生分解。     

用于有机磷农药残留检测酯酶的筛选

利用农药对酯酶活力的抑制反应,测定了不同浓度的敌敌畏对游离的不同动物肝脏酯酶的酶活性。实验采用从动物肝脏中提取的粗酶液在水解后与显色剂固兰B盐作用,用分光光度计测定其在595nm处的吸光度。结果表明,猪肝中α-乙酸萘酯酶(α-NA Esterase)的活力较高,且对较低浓度的敌敌畏也有较好的灵敏度。鸡肝和鸭肝α-乙酸萘酯酶对敌敌畏浓度变化不是很明显。     

乙炔基雌二醇对真鲷幼鱼的雌激素效应研究

采用静态暴露方式研究17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE_2)对真鲷(Pagrosomus major)幼鱼的雌激素效应.当真鲷幼鱼暴露于0.01、0.1、0.5 μg/L EE_2,42 d后,真鲷幼鱼的肥满度极显著下降;血浆中卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)被诱导产生,肝胰脏指数(HSI)和血浆蛋白总量极显著升高;血浆雌二醇(E_2)和睾酮(T)水平显著降低,其中血浆雌二醇受EE_2的干扰更显著,降低的幅度更大.结果提示,真鲷幼鱼的肥满度、肝胰脏指数、血浆蛋白总量、血浆性激素水平等可作为评估EE_2等环境内分泌干扰物毒性效应的生物指标;真鲷幼鱼血浆中的Vtg具有作为生物标志物,用于监测海洋水体中EE_2等环境内分泌干扰物的潜力.