河西走廊荒漠植物多样性及其对环境因子的响应

研究河西走廊荒漠植物多样性结构特征及其对环境因子的响应有利于保护干旱区植物多样性、维持荒漠生态系统稳定。沿河西走廊由东南至西北方向自然降水递减梯度设置样带,探讨荒漠植物α、β多样性的变化规律及其对环境因子的响应。研究结果显示,（1）Margalef丰富度指数（R）范围为1.22-8.22,Simpson优势度指数（D）范围为0.25-0.97,ShannonWiener多样性指数（H’）范围为0.05-1.52,Pielou均匀度指数（E）范围为0.08—0.90。河西走廊荒漠植物物种数少且分布不均,少数物种占据较大优势。（2）表征β多样性的Bray-Curtis距离指数（d BC）普遍较高,河西走廊东、中部样带间d BC平均值为0.91,西部样带间d BC平均值为0.78。东、中部样带（年均降水量大于50 mm）与西部样带（年均降水量约50 mm）之间d BC大都为1.00,说明东中部与西部之间荒漠植物相似性极低。（3）α多样性和环境因子的Spearman分析和冗余分析（Redundancy Analysis,RDA）表明,α多样性的变化由比湿、年均风速、年均降水量、短波辐射总强度、...     

缺氧条件下含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶的共代谢研究

以含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶为研究对象,在传统的缺氧反硝化机理研究基础上,通过向配制废水中加入硝酸盐氮,研究吡啶和吲哚在缺氧条件下的共代谢作用.结果表明,吡啶和吲哚缺氧共代谢的最佳碳氮比为8.4～8.9之间.硝酸还原酶适宜作用的环境条件为:温度28℃,pH值7.0～7.5.吡啶的加入有利于硝酸还原酶活性的提高,吡啶对吲哚的缺氧降解有协同作用.在最佳碳氮比条件下,当吲哚起始浓度为150mg/L,吲哚和吡啶的浓度比例为1～10之间时,吲哚的降解符合零级动力学规律,反应过程中亚硝酸盐氮基本没有积累.当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比小于0.25时,随着吡啶浓度比例的提高,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长较快;当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比大于0.25时,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长变得比较缓慢.     

关于水中总α总β放射性测量监测方法改进的探讨

目前国内关于水中总α、总β放射性测量相关标准还不够细化,操作规程在一些细节方面还存在部分问题,为减小实验误差,提高实验准确度,对监测方法进行了改进.对前期水中总α、总β放射性监测的实验过程进行经验总结,对实验条件进行优化改进,通过回收率和准确度对实验结果进行验证.对水中总α、总β放射性监测实验过程中的水样放置时间、蒸发...     

基于Alpha截集的模糊DEMATEL方法突发事件关键影响因素分析

为了改善已有突发事件关键影响因素分析中模糊DEMATEL方法在处理模糊信息过程中存在的不足,以原油油轮气体泄放为例,采用基于α截集的模糊DEMATEL方法分析关键影响因素和相互关联关系。研究结果表明：该方法能够得到不同视角的分析结果区别于传统方法得到的一组结果,从而很好地验证方法的可行性和有效性。研究结果可为模糊DEMATEL方法的改进和突发事件关键影响因素研究提供参考。     

新试剂5—（3—甲基—2—吡啶）亚甲基若丹宁光度法测定汞的研究

研究了新试剂5-（3-甲基-2-毗啶）亚甲基若丹宁（MPMR）与汞的显色反应,在弱酸性介质中和CTMAB微乳液存在下,MPMR与Hg2 生成2：1稳定络合物,λmax=445nm,ε=1.04X105L.mol－1.cm－1。汞的含量在0～1．2mg几内符合比耳定律。方法用于水样中汞的测定,结果满意。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的吡啶

用固相微萃取富集水中吡啶,毛细管气相色谱分离分析。通过试验确定了固相微萃取的分析参数。方法的检出限可达0.001mg/L,标准曲线相关系数0.9990,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.9%~3.1%（n=5）,平均加标回收率在92.4%~104%,已用于饮用水及地表水水中吡啶的测定。     

氧化还原过程对好氧微生物产物光敏性的影响

从好氧活性污泥微生物和纯种大肠杆菌中提取溶解性微生物产物(SMP),考察光化学和电化学氧化还原过程对SMP官能团,组分和光化学活性的影响机制.结果显示,活性污泥微生物SMP(Ae)与大肠杆菌SMP(E)的SUVA₂₅₄和E2/E3分别为4.03与0.79和1.60与3.04,表明SMP(Ae)比SMP(E)芳香性和分子量更高,光照和电化学改性过程明显降低了蛋白类组分的荧光响应,进行改变了SMP的芳香性和腐殖化程度.两种改性过程可以增强SMP在光照条件下活性氧化物种(³SMP*、¹O₂和·OH)的浓度,其中[¹O₂]_ss由改性前的1.70mol/L提高到改性后的18.47mol/L,[·OH]_ss由改性前的3.57mol/L提升到438.25mol/L.17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的光降解效率在改性SMP的介导下最高提升了近5倍.本研究完善了污水处理厂出水中SMP的环境转化过程及其介导痕量有机污染物的自然光降解过...     

Synergistic photocatalytic degradation of pyridine using precious metal supported TiO2 with KBrO3

A series of precious metals catalysts （M/TiO/, M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt or Au） were prepared by a light deposition method and the synergistic photocatalytic degradations of pyridine （20 mg/L） under UV irradiation （365 nm） using M/TiO2 with electron capture agent KBrO3 have been investigated. The results show that KBrO3 has a greatly synergistic role on M/TiO2 and the photocatalytic activity of M/TiO2 is closely related to its work function. Ag could greatly enhance the activity of TiO2 due to the binding characteristics of pyridine on Ag. Under the conditions of 0.5 wt.% Ag loading, Ag/TiO2 concentration of 0.1 g/L, KlrO3 concentration of 10 mmol/L and reaction liquid pH value at 9, the pyridine can be degraded by 64% within 3 hr, doubled than TiO2 photocatalytic system. The degradation kinetics of pyridine follows first-order kinetics and k = 5.53 × 10-3 min^-1.     

Bioaugmentation with a pyridine-degrading bacterium in a membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater

The bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans W12, which could utilize pyridine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen, was added into a membrane bioreactor （MBR） to enhance the treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. The treatment efliciencies investigated showed that the removal of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were similar between bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented MBRs, however, significant removal of pyridine was obtained in the bioaugmented reactor. When the hydraulic retention time was 60 hr and the influent concentration of pyridine was 250-500 mg/L, the mean effluent concentration of pyridine without adding W12 was 57.2 mg/L, while the pyridine was degraded to an average of 10.2 mg/L with addition of W12. The bacterial community structure of activated sludge during the bioaugmented treatment was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. The results showed that the W12 inoculum reversed the decline of microbial community diversity, however, the similarity between bacterial community structure of the original sludge and that of the sludge after bioaugmentation decreased steadily during the wastewater treatment. Sequencing of the DNA recovered from DGGE gel indicated that sp., Sphingobium sp., Comamonas sp., and Hyphomicrobium sp. were the dominant organisms in time sequence in the bacterial community in the bioaugmented MBR. This implied that the bioaugmentation was affected by the adjustment of whole bacterial community structure in the inhospitable environment, rather than being due solely to the degradation performance of the bacterium added.     

可见光下α-(Fe,Cu)OOH催化过氧化氢去除环丙沙星研究

采用一步回流法合成了花状铜掺杂α-FeOOH纳米材料(α-(Fe,Cu) OOH),采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS和XPS等手段对其进行了分析表征,并研究了其在可见光下催化过氧化氢去除环丙沙星(CIP)的性能.结果表明:Cu掺杂引起了α-FeOOH表面能的变化,光吸收边在可见光区域向长波长方向移动;Cu掺杂提高了α-FeOOH活性和稳定性,当α-(Fe,Cu) OOH投加量为0.60 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2浓度为0.15 mol·L~(-1),反应进行180 min时,CIP(30 mg·L~(-1))被全部去除;异相类Fenton反应过程中羟基自由基(·OH)是重要的氧化活性物种,Cu~+/Cu~(2+)的存在不但影响·OH的生成速率,而且影响·OH的生成量.