固体废物焚烧二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术

结合国内外近年来的研究成果,重点介绍了固体废物焚烧过程中二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术,在此基础上,针对我国国情,提出了二恶英的污染控制对策。     

生活垃圾焚烧与钢铁生产中二恶英排放比较

在上海市范围内选取了若干生活垃圾焚烧炉及钢铁生产工艺中烧结炉及电炉进行了二恶英的排放监测,并与世界范围内大气中二恶英的排放进行了比较,在比较的基础上对生活垃圾焚烧与钢铁生产工艺中的二恶英排放控制提出了建议.     

Levels and distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 65.6 to 157 ng/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 101 ng/g dw. The dioxin-like PCB WHO-TEQs (World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents) of the sludge were lower than 1 pg /g dw. Conse...     

Emission characteristics of dioxins, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during fluidized-bed combustion of sewage sludge

Pre-dried sewage sludge with high sulfur content was combusted in an electrically heated lab-scale fluidized-bed incinerator. The emission characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. Coal and calcium oxide (CaO) were added during the sewage sludge combustion tests to optimize combustion conditions and control SO2 emission. The results indicated that the flue gases emitted during mono-combustion of sewage sludge were characterized by relatively high concentrations of SO2, NOx and organic pollutants, due to the high sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile matter content of sewage sludge. The total 16 USEPA priority PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs produced from sewage sludge combustion were found to be 106.14 g/m3 and 8955.93 pg/m3 in the flue gas, respectively. In the case of cocombustion with coal (msludge/mcoal = 1:1), the 16 PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs concentrations were markedly lower than those found during mono-combustion of sewage sludge. During co-combustion, a suppressant e ect of CaO on PCDD/Fs formation was observed.     

环保遭遇“美女检测仪”

最近的几次遭遇,让我突然发现,其实每个人都是环境检测仪,当地环境恶化的后果往往是当地人身体健康的恶化。尤其是那些敏感的女人,可能是用某些独特的材质做的,在检测方面称得上有技术专长。话说有一天,王女士到北京某个著名的垃圾场边,去拜访她的发小赵女士。王女士一到赵女士家,过敏性哮喘就发作了。她三十多岁了,从来不知道自己有这个毛病,但垃圾场边的     

二恶英类持久性有机污染物（POPs）现状调查及防治对策

文章通过对包头市2009年二恶英类持久性有机污染物（POPs）的现状调查,分析烧结、炼钢、废弃物焚烧等主要污染源分布和核定污染源排放量,评估主要污染源污染负荷,提出相应的防治对策。     

Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing,China

Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase （EROD） assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor （Ah-R） agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities （0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw）, but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities （nd to 45%）, progestin receptor antagonistic activities （nd to 80%） and Ah-R agonistic activities （1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）·g-1, dw） were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalent quantity （EEQ） level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.     

我国钢铁行业二恶英污染防治技术研究

钢铁行业(烧结和电炉炼钢)是我国二恶英减排优先重点控制的行业之一。简要介绍了二恶英的理化性质、危害性、生成机理及必备条件,结合烧结过程和电炉炼钢过程二恶英的产生成因,从工艺过程污染预防技术和污染治理技术两方面探讨二恶英减排途径。     

广州大气二恶英污染水平及其季节变化特征

为了解广州环境空气中二恶英的污染发展趋势与季节变化, 应用高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨质谱仪(HRGC/HRMS)对广州6个区域大气样品中的17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs含量进行了分析. 结果表明:2010─2011年广州大气ρ(二恶英)(以毒性当量浓度计)在112～5 620 fg/m3之间. 背景区、住宅区、商业区和交通区的大气ρ(二恶英)年均值较接近, 分别为356、323、370、461 fg/m3,范围分别为38~1 568、80~1 528、90~650、171~1 157 fg/m3; 郊区与工业区的大气ρ(二恶英)年均值相对较高, 分别为571和2 000 fg/m3,范围分别为54~2 967、265~10 676 fg/m3. 与2004─2005年广州市区环境空气污染水平相比, 市区(居住区、商业区、交通区)大气ρ(二恶英)变化不大, 而郊区和工业区的值有明显增加. 除工业区监测点外,广州秋、冬、春、夏季大气ρ(二恶英)分别为331、402、629、191 fg/m3,春季值较高与大气污染及不利气象条件在春季出现频率较高有关.      

长江三角洲地区大气二恶英类污染物输送-沉降模拟研究

大气中的二恶英类物质(PCDD/Fs)是一类难降解的有毒污染物,可对人类和其他哺乳动物的健康构成危害.二恶英类物质主要是由废物焚烧、金属冶炼和造纸化工等行业所产生. 二恶英类物质为半挥发性物质,可以在气态和气溶胶之间相互转移,从而影响其大气物理和化学过程. 利用耦合有机物吸收和黑碳吸附的二恶英类污染物颗粒态、气态相间分配模块和化学转化的区域大气化学、输送模式(CMAQ)模拟了2006年1月,4月,7月和10月长三角(长江三角洲)地区PCDD/Fs在大气中的输送、转化和沉降等演变过程,探讨了大气中二恶英类污染物的季节变化规律和沉降特征. 模拟结果表明,长三角地区的二恶英类污染物排放存在着明显的长距离输送特征和区域影响;冬季大气二恶英类污染物浓度明显高于夏季,湿沉降是其主要的沉降途径.