英国可替代能源及节能

人类正面临着严重的石油短缺,因此正在努力减少化石燃料的使用以抑制温室气体排放所造成的全球变暖趋势。在此紧要关头,风能、太阳能、生物燃料等可替代能源就显示出了重要性。由于目前西欧正逐渐成为世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,这使得西欧在推行替代能源的过程中面临     

德班注定是最后的救命稻草:需要科学发展与环境展望

不看好的德班德班会议将是一场"灾难"。即使对现有的附加件工名单国家,《京都议定书》也不会获得延期,而且也必然不会延伸到其他国家。各国将重回各自为政的局面:增加消耗、加快增长,追求不可持续且可望不可及的发展目标。哥本哈根会议展现了参会代表仍按照200年前工业革命的发展概念来表达观点。坎昆会议,与会者     

给地球降温

目前,全球面临的最大危机是粮食问题,造成这一危机的原因除了各国政府在农业政策方面考虑欠缺外,另外一个主要因素就是全球气候变暖。全球变暖已引起很多灾难的相继发生,面对地球的持续"发烧",我们必须从根本上寻找原因并采取措施给地球"降温",防止危机的到来。     

能碳耗指标约束下的节能减排新政——简评从“能耗”指标向“能碳耗”指标的过渡

2011年政府工作报告明确“十二五”期间节能减排的工作重点为同步控制单位国内生产总值能耗与二氧化碳排放,两个指标的下降幅度分别控制为16％和17％,碳耗降幅比能耗降幅高出一个百分点。那么,此次节能减排新政的用意何在？能耗与碳耗两个指标的区别又在哪儿呢？为何要将单位国内生产总值碳耗的下降幅度设得比能耗更高呢？以及同步设定这两个约束指标的意义又何在？     

电厂二氧化碳捕捉技术对比研究

由于全球温室效应的不断加剧,发展二氧化碳捕捉技术变得十分必要.通过分析燃烧前捕捉、燃烧后捕捉和富氧燃烧捕捉三种二氧化碳捕捉方式流程及其特点,指出三种不同的二氧化碳捕捉技术的发展现状以及应用途径.通过具体对比现有二氧化碳捕捉技术的工作原理以及优缺点,针对现有的几种具体的二氧化碳捕捉技术进行详细的分析,积极应用各种物理、化...     

孙翠华：我国将采取10大措施实现2020年减排目标

国家发改委应对气候变化司副司长孙翠华6月27日在应对气候变化与绿色低碳发展高级别国际研讨会上说,为实现到2020年单位国内生产总值（GDP）二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％至45％的目标,促进经济社会可持续发展,我国将在10个方面采取措施。     

上海华中药业 氨氮排放大户实行清洁生产

目前,我国制药行业存在能耗大、污染重、资源浪费、结构不合理等问题。 2010年2月,环境保护部发布的全国污染源普查公报显示,制药工业占全国工业总产值的1．7％,而污水排放量却占到2％。     

生物炭添加和灌溉对温室番茄地土壤反硝化损失的影响

生物炭添加和灌溉是番茄地常用的田间管理措施,然而其对反硝化的影响还不清楚.本研究种植试验设置3个灌溉量水平分别为估算作物生育期需水量ET0的50%(W50%)、75%(W75%)、100%(W100%)和3个生物炭添加水平分别为B0(折合纯碳,0)、B25(折合纯碳,25 t·hm-2)、B50(折合纯碳,50 t·hm-2),在2014年和2015年番茄收获后,每个试验小区采集具有代表性的土样进行室内培养试验,采用乙炔抑制法来研究土壤的反硝化损失和不加乙炔研究N_2O的排放量.结果表明生物炭和灌溉量显著改变了土壤的理化性质.与B0相比,添加生物炭能够提高土壤全碳、全氮含量和pH值,降低铵态氮、硝态氮含量,而灌水量降低了土壤中全氮和全碳的含量.因此,与B0/W50%相比,B25/W75%和B50/W100%处理显著减少了反硝化损失量(P0.05).生物炭和灌溉量的交互作用对土壤无机氮含量和反硝化损失的影响均达到显著水平(P0.05),且对硝态氮的影响表现为灌溉量生物炭添加量两者交互作用,对铵态氮的影响表现为生物炭添加量灌溉量两者交互作用,对反硝化损失的影响表现为灌溉量生物炭添加量两者交互作用.反硝化损失量与土壤中无机氮含量、(CO_2-C)矿化量与N_2O排放量均呈正相关关系.不同生物炭添加量和灌溉量处理后明显影响了N_2O/DN(P0.05),培养结束时,各处理下的N_2O累积排放量/DN累积排放量差异较大,介于0.31%~1.88%.     

Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.