二羟基苯甲酸的硅烷化及其在气质联用测量气相OH自由基的应用

通过优化GC-MS参数有效分离了水杨酸(SA)及其羟基化产物2,3-DHBA和2,5-DHBA的硅烷化产物,检测限分别为10.2 fmol和9.9 fmol.采用浸渍膜捕集OH标准源发生体系产生的OH自由基,测得气相OH自由基与固相SA反应生成的2,3-DHBA 和2,5-DHBA的产率分别为52%和48%.因此,SA捕集-硅烷化衍生-气质联用测量方法研究大气OH自由基有很好的应用前景.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及絮凝效果研究

采用微波辐射和固体NaOH联用的选择性加热方法,在低温下(＜5℃)合成二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADMAC).研究了微波辐射、超声辐射和固体NaOH溶解内加热对其化学反应过程的影响.结果表明,生成叔胺的反应时间缩短为7min,产率增加了25%.以DADMAC作单体,聚合得到聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDADMAC)的特性粘度为2.7,絮凝效果大大提高.     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

纤维素热裂解的二次反应研究

在热重红外联用分析仪上开展了纤维素的热裂解失重研究,通过对纤维素热裂解的TG和DTG曲线以及热解产物的红外析出图谱的分析研究,探讨了纤维素热裂解的二次反应过程及机理,并在经典Broido—Shafizdeh模型的基础上．提出了改进的纤维素热裂解模型。     

十溴二苯乙烷阻燃ABS燃烧性能评价

利用锥形量热仪（CONE）对比研究了十溴二苯乙烷阻燃ABS和十溴二苯醚阻燃ABS的一些相关的燃烧参数,烟度性能等。结果显示,十溴二苯乙烷阻燃的ABS阻燃效果十分明显,并且十溴二苯乙烷阻燃的ABS的各个参数值都很接近甚至优于十溴二苯醚阻燃的ABS制品,因此其可以替代十溴二苯醚应用在ABS的阻燃中。     

转炉二次除尘系统问题诊断及运行优化

针对某企业150 t转炉二次除尘系统烟气捕集效果不佳、布袋除尘器压差大、运行能耗高等问题进行了系统诊断,利用排查系统管网、实测压力和流量、分析风机特性等手段,找出了问题原因并提出改进措施。通过实施改进措施,优化了150 t转炉二次除尘系统的运行方式,确保二次除尘效果并实现节能、经济运行。     

初始氧化温度对浸水长焰煤二次氧化特性的影响机制

为揭示不同初始氧化温度下浸水长焰煤的氧化自燃特性,利用红外光谱和热分析实验手段以及MS数值模拟方法研究其氧化自燃规律,并采用线性拟合的方法阐述自由基变化特性。结合分子键能的变化,分析浸水条件下二次氧化的煤氧链式反应过程。研究结果表明:经过120 ℃预氧化后,浸水风干长焰煤的还原性官能团甲基、亚甲基、羟基均高于原煤,而羰基、羧基低于原煤;与原煤相比,浸水风干后的煤预氧化温度在120 ℃时最大升温速率最高（0.036 9 ℃/s）,表现出更强的自燃倾向性;MS模拟优化得出煤中各官能团在预氧化120 ℃时键能变化较大,结合热分析实验,确立预氧化后浸水风干煤体氧化自燃特性机制。     

吞噬生命的泥浆云南安石隧道“11·26”突泥涌水致12死事故引人深思

突泥涌水,是隧道施工特别严重的地质灾害之一,具有较强的隐蔽性和不确定性,对作业人员生命安全带来极大威胁。2019年11月26日,云南省临沧市境内的云凤高速公路第二合同段安石隧道出口发生突泥涌水,正在进行仰拱施工的6名作业工人被困,当工友自发组织现场救援时,又发生第二次突泥涌水,造成前去救援的7名工人被困,最终导致被困人员中12人死亡,1人受伤。