银基汞膜电极的制作及在环境水样中的应用

<正> 汞对环境的污染已引起人类的高度重视。在极谱分析中滴汞电极的用汞量较大,若操作不慎则容易对环境造成污染和使分析人员产生不适。而汞膜电极克服汞对环境的污染和提高微量元素在极谱分析中的检出限都有较好的效果,因此近年来发展迅速,并以各种基体出现的汞膜电极相继而出。本项工作试制了银基汞膜电极和探索了该电极在醋酸钠底液中铅锌连测的应用。     

土壤电动修复的电极空间构型优化研究

采用MATLAB软件对非均匀电场中几种常见电极构型的电场分布进行了模拟,根据最优的电极构型构建了电动修复实验装置,研究了电动修复过程中不同部位土壤p H以及重金属残留量随时间变化情况.结果表明,从电场强度的有效性角度,正方形(1-D-1)和正六边形(2-D-3)分别是一维、二维构型中最优的电极构型,土壤p H值的变化、重金属的去除与电场强度的分布有密切关系.采用正六边形电极构型对镉、镍、铅、铜共4种阳离子型重金属进行电动修复时,控制阴极p H值,随着修复的进行,在整个反应单元中逐步形成了酸性迁移带,可在一定程度上避免重金属的过早沉淀,有利于重金属的去除.电动修复480 h后,重金属镉、镍、铅、铜的总去除率分别为86.6%、86.2%、67.7%、73.0%,可根据修复目标改变修复时间和更换电极频次.     

Removal of estrogens by electrochemical oxidation process

Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone(E1), Estradiol(E2) and Ethinylestradiol(EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes.Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45–0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreement with calculated results by a mathematical model constructed based on mass transfer limitation. In continuous treatment of trace estrogens(1 μg/L), 98% of E1, E2 and EE2 were stably removed. At high loading rate(100 μg/L), removal efficiency of E1 was kept around 74%–88% for21 days, but removal efficiency reduced due to passivation of electrodes. However, removal efficiency was recovered after electrochemical regeneration of electrodes in presence of ozone. Electric energy consumption was observed in the range of 1–2 Wh/m3. From these results, we concluded that the present electrochemical process would be an alternative removal of estrogens.     

Electrocatalytic reduction of ortho nitrobenzaldehyde using modified aluminum electrode and its determination

A simple, cost effective and rapid electrochemical method has been developed for the determination of micro level ortho nitrobenzaldehyde（ONB） based on outstanding properties of modified aluminum electrode tin nanorods/anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum（SnNR/AAO/Al） for the first time. The SnNR/AAO/Al electrode was fabricated by a second step anodization, followed by electrodeposition and its electrochemical behavior was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the SnNR/AAO/Al electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of ONB in the acidic solution. It provides an appreciable improvement of reduction peak for ONB at-0.721 V.Furthermore, various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated from the scan rates.The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the ONB determination by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.1-100 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L, respectively,for ONB. The analytical performance of this modified sensor has been evaluated for detection of real sample such as river water and recovery of ONB was achieved all-out up to102.3% under standard addition method.     

我国首次成功在脑中植入电极用意念控制机械手臂

近日,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院神经外科与浙江大学求是高等研究院合作的“脑机接口临床转化应用课题组”宣布,首次通过颅内植入电极的方式实现意念控制机械手,人类利用“意念”操控机械不再是空想。这一成果为“渐冻人”实现运动功能重建带来了希望。     

腐蚀监测系统在飞机上的应用

介绍了在飞机上应用的腐蚀监测系统的工作原理、监测功能和使用模式,总结了国外腐蚀监测系统在飞机上的应用现状,指出了腐蚀监测系统研发及应用的关键技术,并提出了该腐蚀监测系统研发及应用的发展趋势。     

工程机械加工企业涂装废气治理的研究——以常石舟山造船厂为例

本文以常石集团舟山造船厂为列,重点研究了吸附-催化燃烧法、低温等离子体技术与光催化技术协同对涂装废气的去除效果及各反应参数对处理效果的影响,考察两种方法的实验情况,对这两种方法的反应机理进行了探讨。     

碳纳米管修饰电极电催化还原去除废水中的氯霉素

为发展废水中抗生素的处理技术、保护水环境质量,采用表面活性剂辅助分散碳纳米管,制备碳纳米管修饰电极,研究了修饰电极对氯霉素的电催化还原能力和动力学特征,初步探讨了氯霉素的还原去除机制.结果表明,双十六烷基磷酸(DHP)可以有效分散碳纳米管,通过优化碳纳米管和DHP的配比、分散液修饰量,制备的碳纳米管修饰电极还原2 mg·L~(-1)氯霉素24 h时的去除率达到97.21%;电催化还原氯霉素的动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型,去除速率常数为0.157 4 h~(-1),半衰期为4.40 h.采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析法(LC-MS/MS)鉴定了氯霉素的还原产物,分析了氯霉素还原的可能途径,电催化不仅还原了氯霉素中的硝基,还可以进一步还原羰基和脱氯,显著降低氯霉素的毒性.     

新型高效电除尘器在烟气超低排放中的应用

在传统湿式电除尘器的基础上通过对其电源、电极材质、电极构造等方面进行优化改造,提出一种基于脉冲电源的新型高效湿式电除尘器(电除雾器)。将基压叠加脉冲电压集成的高压电源及不锈钢材质的管针芒刺放电极应用于湿式电除尘器中,有效提高电除尘器的峰值电压、电晕功率而不产生闪络,优化放电性能,提高粉尘的荷电率与驱进速度,解决电晕闭塞问题,从而显著提高除尘效率。经工业应用验证,新型高效电除尘器能够有效控制烟气氨法脱硫末端的气溶胶污染,实现烟尘的超低排放。     

制备方法对二氧化钛粉末薄膜光电极性能的影响研究

目的研究光电功能涂层制备方法对粉末薄膜光电极的光电转换效率的影响。方法采用喷涂法制备光电材料的FTO薄膜光电极,观察其表面形貌,通过研究光电流和光电位的变化评价光电材料的光电转换效率,并与点涂法和电泳法制备的光电极进行对比分析。结果喷涂法制备的二氧化钛FTO薄膜光电极性能优于其他两种方法制备的电极,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中,光电位变化更稳定,压降大于500 m V,光电流变化大于60μA/cm~2。结论喷涂法制备光电极能够提高半导体粉末材料的光电化学效率,是一种可推行的薄膜光电极制备方法。