应用微电解法预处理磷霉素钠制药废水

采用微电解法预处理磷霉素钠制药废水是一种行之有效的方法。本试验选用铸铁屑、粒状活性炭作为基本原料,分别考察了铁炭比、进水pH值、反应时间、反应温度等因素对废水处理效率的影响。经试验得到最佳工艺条件为:铁炭比为(5~9):1,进水pH值=4,铁屑加入量为(4~5)g/100mL废水,温度为30℃,CODcr的去除率能达到40%~50%。     

铁炭微电解法处理黄连素废水应用研究

黄连素废水成分复杂,COD高且难降解,废水可生化性差,对环境造成较大污染。沈阳某制药总厂黄连素废水采用深井曝气工艺处理。该方法存在需要大量清水稀释、运行成本高、处理效果不佳等缺点。内电解的基本原理是利用铁屑中的铁和炭组分构成微小原电池的正极和负极,以充入的废水为电解质溶液,发生氧化-还原反应,形成原电池。利用内电解预处理黄连素废水,COD除去率高达93.1%,并可提高废水的可生化性,废水的的BOD5/CODCr值由处理前的0.08提高到0.41,为后续生化处理和处理后废水达标排放奠定了基础,且运行成本低,易于管理。     

改进固相萃取预处理操作过程的探讨

结合固相萃取预处理技术原理和普遍操作流程,提出改进固相萃取预处理操作过程的方案.并以水中有机磷农药加标回收率为表征.进行对比实验分析.结果表明.操作过程优化对提高整个实验的准确性起非常关键的作用.而操作过程简化在保证实验效果的前提下提高实验效率.因此该改进方案可行.     

多菌灵和苯菌灵分析中预处理技术研究现状

据统计,在农药残留分析中,有三分之二的时间都花在样品预处理上,即样品的提取和净化方面,因此采用快速、有效的样品预处理方法在农药残留分析中具有重要的意义。本文主要是介绍目前国内外多菌灵和苯菌灵分析中在样品预处理领域的一些研究成果,为实际环境监测中选择最合适的预处理分析方法提供参考。     

基于逆滤波法的图像复原技术研究

主要研究对已损坏了的图像恢复.它是利用退化现象的某种先验知识(退化模型),按退化的逆过程重建图像的技术.其退化模型是原始图像经过算子,或系统经退化因素作用之后和噪声叠加,形成退化后的图像,即实际得到的图像.利用逆滤波法复原的原理,通过已知复原图像和噪声,采用退化函数,经过反傅里叶变换,求出原始图象.同时以Visual C++6.0与Matlab为开发工具.实验表明本算法具有良好的性能,能有效抑制和清除干扰对测试结果的影响,具有算法简单可靠等优点,使图像质量得到改善.     

高浓度豆制品废水预处理实验研究

对高浓度豆制品废水的预处理方法作了实验研究。采用调节等电点酸沉降的方法回收蛋白质,然后用聚合硫酸铁化学混凝处理上清液以降低COD的含量。实验证明了方法的可行性并得出了最佳实验条件。     

悬浮填料流化池预处理原水中氨氮的研究

采用悬浮填料接触氧化生物预处理试验装置,对珠江原水进行中试研究。结果表明:原水的氨氮平均浓度为3.82mg/L,该工艺对氨氮的平均去除率达到83.7%,其出水氨氮平均浓度降为0.56mg/L,高锰酸盐指数的平均去除率可达14.3%。该工艺是处理高氨氮微污染原水的一种高效的生物反应器。     

Effects of various pretreatment methods on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate

Effects on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate was studied.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.